Phytochemical profiling of polyphenols and thyroid stimulatory activity of Ficus religiosa leaf extract in 6-propyl-thiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats

Publication type:
Journal article
Metadata:
Autoren
  • Anand Kar
  • Durgesh Mahar
  • Sagarika Biswas
  • Debolina Chakraborty
  • Thomas Efferth
  • Sunanda Panda
Autoren-URL
https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:001012774300001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
DOI
10.1016/j.jep.2023.116479
eISSN
1872-7573
Externe Identifier
  • Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: J9LS3
  • PubMed Identifier: 37062529
ISSN
0378-8741
Zeitschrift
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
Schlüsselwörter
  • In vivo study
  • Ficus religiosa
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Phytochemistry
  • Plant extract
  • Phytotherapy
  • Molecular docking
Artikelnummer
ARTN 116479
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2023
Status
Published
Titel
Phytochemical profiling of polyphenols and thyroid stimulatory activity of<i> Ficus</i><i> religiosa</i> leaf extract in 6-propyl-thiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats
Sub types
  • Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
313

Data source: Web of Science (Lite)

Other metadata sources:
Autoren
  • Anand Kar
  • Durgesh Mahar
  • Sagarika Biswas
  • Debolina Chakraborty
  • Thomas Efferth
  • Sunanda Panda
DOI
10.1016/j.jep.2023.116479
ISSN
0378-8741
Zeitschrift
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Sprache
en
Artikelnummer
116479
Paginierung
116479 - 116479
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2023
Status
Published
Herausgeber
Elsevier BV
Herausgeber URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.116479
Datum der Datenerfassung
2023
Titel
Phytochemical profiling of polyphenols and thyroid stimulatory activity of Ficus religiosa leaf extract in 6-propyl-thiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
313

Data source: Crossref

Abstract
<h4>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h4>The plant, Ficus religiosa (L.) from the family Moraceae, has been extensively used in Ayurveda and Unani. Traditionally this plant is known for the treatment of constipation, liver diseases and neurological disorders that are related to hypothyroidism.<h4>Aim of the study</h4>This study was primarily designed to evaluate the effect of Ficus religiosa leaf (FL) extract in ameliorating hypothyroidism in rats and to identify the major bioactive compounds in the test extract that might be responsible for the thyroid-altering activity. In addition, the probable mechanism underlying the thyroid regulation of the main FL constituents were analyzed by molecular docking.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Adult female Wistar rats were used. LC-ESI-MS/MS was performed to identify the compounds present in the extract. HPLC analysis of FL extract was also performed. A pilot study was made using 3 doses of FL extract. Out of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg appeared to be the most effective one as it could increase thyroid hormones and decreased TSH levels. In the final experiment, propyl-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats were orally treated with FL extract (100 mg/kg) or L-thyroxine (100 μg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 consecutive days. On 29th day, all rats were sacrificed and the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>), thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>), thyrotropin (TSH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepatic 5' deiodinase-1(5'D1) were estimated by ELISA. Liver marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, ALT and aspartate aminotransferase, AST); total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG); hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) content were estimated in liver tissues.<h4>Results</h4>LC-MS-MS analyses of the leaf extract identified 11 compounds including the three major compounds, betulinic acid (BA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), and quinic acid (QA). While the PTU treatment decreased the levels of thyroid hormones and 5'D1 activity, it increased the TSH, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, TC, and TG levels. Furthermore, hepatic LPO significantly increased with a decrease in reduced GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx. However, FL treatment in PTU-induced animals nearly reversed these adverse effects and improved liver function by decreasing ALT, AST, hepatic LPO and increasing the levels of antioxidants. FL not only improved the liver histology, but also suppressed the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 in PTU-induced animals. A molecular docking study towards the understanding of the thyroid stimulatory mechanism of action revealed that BA, CGA, and QA might have augmented thyroid hormones by interacting with the thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ1) and TSH receptor (TSHR).<h4>Conclusion</h4>For the first time, we report the pro-thyroidal potential of Ficus religiosa leaf extract. We postulate that its main bioactive compounds, BA, CGA, and QA involved in this action may serve as novel thyroid agonists in ameliorating hypothyroidism.
Addresses
  • School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Takhshila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452001, M.P., India. Electronic address: karlife@rediffmail.com.
Autoren
  • Anand Kar
  • Durgesh Mahar
  • Sagarika Biswas
  • Debolina Chakraborty
  • Thomas Efferth
  • Sunanda Panda
DOI
10.1016/j.jep.2023.116479
eISSN
1872-7573
Externe Identifier
  • PubMed Identifier: 37062529
Funding acknowledgements
  • University Grants Commission: 17136
Open access
false
ISSN
0378-8741
Zeitschrift
Journal of ethnopharmacology
Schlüsselwörter
  • Liver
  • Animals
  • Rats
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Ficus
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Propylthiouracil
  • Thyrotropin
  • Thyroid Hormones
  • Thyroxine
  • Superoxide Dismutase
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Plant Extracts
  • Interleukin-6
  • Antioxidants
  • Pilot Projects
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  • Polyphenols
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Phytochemicals
Sprache
eng
Medium
Print-Electronic
Online publication date
2023
Paginierung
116479
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2023
Status
Published
Datum der Datenerfassung
2023
Titel
Phytochemical profiling of polyphenols and thyroid stimulatory activity of Ficus religiosa leaf extract in 6-propyl-thiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats.
Sub types
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
313

Data source: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The plant, Ficus religiosa (L.) from the family Moraceae, has been extensively used in Ayurveda and Unani. Traditionally this plant is known for the treatment of constipation, liver diseases and neurological disorders that are related to hypothyroidism. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was primarily designed to evaluate the effect of Ficus religiosa leaf (FL) extract in ameliorating hypothyroidism in rats and to identify the major bioactive compounds in the test extract that might be responsible for the thyroid-altering activity. In addition, the probable mechanism underlying the thyroid regulation of the main FL constituents were analyzed by molecular docking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult female Wistar rats were used. LC-ESI-MS/MS was performed to identify the compounds present in the extract. HPLC analysis of FL extract was also performed. A pilot study was made using 3 doses of FL extract. Out of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg appeared to be the most effective one as it could increase thyroid hormones and decreased TSH levels. In the final experiment, propyl-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats were orally treated with FL extract (100 mg/kg) or L-thyroxine (100 μg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 consecutive days. On 29th day, all rats were sacrificed and the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyrotropin (TSH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepatic 5' deiodinase-1(5'D1) were estimated by ELISA. Liver marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, ALT and aspartate aminotransferase, AST); total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG); hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) content were estimated in liver tissues. RESULTS: LC-MS-MS analyses of the leaf extract identified 11 compounds including the three major compounds, betulinic acid (BA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), and quinic acid (QA). While the PTU treatment decreased the levels of thyroid hormones and 5'D1 activity, it increased the TSH, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, TC, and TG levels. Furthermore, hepatic LPO significantly increased with a decrease in reduced GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx. However, FL treatment in PTU-induced animals nearly reversed these adverse effects and improved liver function by decreasing ALT, AST, hepatic LPO and increasing the levels of antioxidants. FL not only improved the liver histology, but also suppressed the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 in PTU-induced animals. A molecular docking study towards the understanding of the thyroid stimulatory mechanism of action revealed that BA, CGA, and QA might have augmented thyroid hormones by interacting with the thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ1) and TSH receptor (TSHR). CONCLUSION: For the first time, we report the pro-thyroidal potential of Ficus religiosa leaf extract. We postulate that its main bioactive compounds, BA, CGA, and QA involved in this action may serve as novel thyroid agonists in ameliorating hypothyroidism.
Date of acceptance
2023
Autoren
  • Anand Kar
  • Durgesh Mahar
  • Sagarika Biswas
  • Debolina Chakraborty
  • Thomas Efferth
  • Sunanda Panda
Autoren-URL
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37062529
DOI
10.1016/j.jep.2023.116479
eISSN
1872-7573
Zeitschrift
J Ethnopharmacol
Schlüsselwörter
  • Ficus religiosa
  • Hypothyroidism
  • In vivo study
  • Molecular docking
  • Phytochemistry
  • Phytotherapy
  • Plant extract
  • Rats
  • Animals
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Ficus
  • Polyphenols
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  • Interleukin-6
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Pilot Projects
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Antioxidants
  • Thyroid Hormones
  • Thyroxine
  • Liver
  • Thyrotropin
  • Plant Extracts
  • Propylthiouracil
  • Phytochemicals
  • Superoxide Dismutase
Sprache
eng
Country
Ireland
Paginierung
116479
PII
S0378-8741(23)00347-1
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2023
Status
Published
Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
2023
Titel
Phytochemical profiling of polyphenols and thyroid stimulatory activity of Ficus religiosa leaf extract in 6-propyl-thiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats.
Sub types
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
313

Data source: PubMed

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