Effects of qigong on performance-related anxiety and physiological stress functions in transverse flute music schoolchildren: a feasibility study

Publication type:
Journal article
Metadata:
Autoren
  • CM Sousa
DOI
10.3736/jcim20120805
ISSN
1672-1977
Zeitschrift
Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine
Paginierung
858 - 865
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2012
Status
Published
Herausgeber
Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine Press
Herausgeber URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20120805
Datum der Datenerfassung
2012
Titel
Effects of qigong on performance-related anxiety and physiological stress functions in transverse flute music schoolchildren: a feasibility study

Data source: Crossref

Other metadata sources:
Abstract
<h4>Objective</h4>Based on individual cases of treatment, we were interested in whether the effects of a special kind of qigong, the "White Ball" exercises, can be objectified by physically measurable parameters and psychological scores.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a preliminary prospective controlled interventional study with the waiting list design. In the qigong group eight children were included. They received specific qigong lessons of the "White Ball" qigong over seven weeks, twice a week, for 30 min with a waiting list design and instructions to perform the same exercises at home daily. In the control group eight children were included in a waiting list design with no qigong instruction. Subjective perception of anxiety was measured by the Portuguese version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale adapted for children. In addition, salivary cortisol, heart rate variability, blood pressure, surface electromyography of the trapezius muscle and reaction time were measured at the beginning and the end of the study prior to the regular public auditions.<h4>Results</h4>In comparison to the changes in the control group, the qigong group scored significantly lower in heart rate. Otherwise the groups did not differ significantly; however, the effect size was large for salivary cortisol, surface electromyography of the trapezius muscle and blood pressure. There were relevant reductions of subjective perception of anxiety, salivary cortisol levels and heart rate.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The heart rate of performing schoolchildren can be potentially reduced by "White Ball" exercises. Based on a sample of 8/8, positive tendencies were also observed for anxiety and blood pressure. The next steps of objectifying possible qigong effects are to increase the sample size, to study young people in other situations arousing anxiety, to develop an appropriate control intervention, to solve the problem of blinding and double blinding, to find additional parameters that may be influenced by the "White Ball" qigong, and to compare the qigong effects with other methods reducing anxiety such as more traditional biofeedback or systematic desensitization.
Addresses
  • Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal.
Autoren
  • Claudia Maria Sousa
  • Mario Goncalves
  • Jorge Machado
  • Thomas Efferth
  • Thomas Efferth
  • Tobias Greten
  • Petra Froeschen
  • Henry J Greten
DOI
10.3736/jcim20120805
Externe Identifier
  • PubMed Identifier: 22883401
Open access
false
ISSN
1672-1977
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
8
Zeitschrift
Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine
Schlüsselwörter
  • Humans
  • Breathing Exercises
  • Prospective Studies
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Stress, Psychological
  • Heart Rate
  • Music
  • Child
  • Performance Anxiety
Sprache
eng
Medium
Print
Paginierung
858 - 865
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2012
Status
Published
Datum der Datenerfassung
2012
Titel
Effects of qigong on performance-related anxiety and physiological stress functions in transverse flute music schoolchildren: a feasibility study.
Sub types
  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
10

Data source: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Based on individual cases of treatment, we were interested in whether the effects of a special kind of qigong, the "White Ball" exercises, can be objectified by physically measurable parameters and psychological scores. METHODS: We performed a preliminary prospective controlled interventional study with the waiting list design. In the qigong group eight children were included. They received specific qigong lessons of the "White Ball" qigong over seven weeks, twice a week, for 30 min with a waiting list design and instructions to perform the same exercises at home daily. In the control group eight children were included in a waiting list design with no qigong instruction. Subjective perception of anxiety was measured by the Portuguese version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale adapted for children. In addition, salivary cortisol, heart rate variability, blood pressure, surface electromyography of the trapezius muscle and reaction time were measured at the beginning and the end of the study prior to the regular public auditions. RESULTS: In comparison to the changes in the control group, the qigong group scored significantly lower in heart rate. Otherwise the groups did not differ significantly; however, the effect size was large for salivary cortisol, surface electromyography of the trapezius muscle and blood pressure. There were relevant reductions of subjective perception of anxiety, salivary cortisol levels and heart rate. CONCLUSION: The heart rate of performing schoolchildren can be potentially reduced by "White Ball" exercises. Based on a sample of 8/8, positive tendencies were also observed for anxiety and blood pressure. The next steps of objectifying possible qigong effects are to increase the sample size, to study young people in other situations arousing anxiety, to develop an appropriate control intervention, to solve the problem of blinding and double blinding, to find additional parameters that may be influenced by the "White Ball" qigong, and to compare the qigong effects with other methods reducing anxiety such as more traditional biofeedback or systematic desensitization.
Autoren
  • Claudia Maria Sousa
  • Mario Goncalves
  • Jorge Machado
  • Thomas Efferth
  • Tobias Greten
  • Petra Froeschen
  • Henry J Greten
Autoren-URL
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22883401
DOI
10.3736/jcim20120805
ISSN
1672-1977
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
8
Zeitschrift
Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao
Schlüsselwörter
  • Breathing Exercises
  • Child
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Heart Rate
  • Humans
  • Music
  • Performance Anxiety
  • Prospective Studies
  • Stress, Psychological
Sprache
eng
Country
China
Paginierung
858 - 865
PII
jcim20120805
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2012
Status
Published
Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
2013
Titel
Effects of qigong on performance-related anxiety and physiological stress functions in transverse flute music schoolchildren: a feasibility study.
Sub types
  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
10

Data source: PubMed

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