Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations
- Publication type:
- Journal article
- Metadata:
-
- Autoren
- Alexander Panossian
- Sara Abdelfatah
- Thomas Efferth
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000712416000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
- DOI
- 10.3390/ph14100999
- eISSN
- 1424-8247
- Externe Identifier
- Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: WO4HB
- PubMed Identifier: 34681222
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 10
- Zeitschrift
- PHARMACEUTICALS
- Schlüsselwörter
- red ginseng
- ginsenoside Rg5
- gene expression
- IPA pathways
- network pharmacology
- transcriptomics
- Artikelnummer
- ARTN 999
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2021
- Status
- Published
- Titel
- Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations
- Sub types
- Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 14
Data source: Web of Science (Lite)
- Other metadata sources:
-
- Abstract
- <jats:p>Numerous in vitro studies on isolated cells have been conducted to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of Panax ginseng Meyer root extracts and purified ginsenosides. However, the concentrations of ginsenosides and the extracts used in these studies were much higher than those detected in pharmacokinetic studies in humans and animals orally administered with ginseng preparations at therapeutic doses. Our study aimed to assess: (a) the effects of ginsenoside Rg5, the major “rare” ginsenoside of Red Ginseng, on gene expression in the murine neuronal cell line HT22 in a wide range of concentrations, from 10−4 to 10−18 M, and (b) the effects of differentially expressed genes on cellular and physiological functions in organismal disorders and diseases. Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray analyses in HT22 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rg5 exhibits soft-acting effects on gene expression of neuronal cells in a wide range of physiological concentrations and strong reversal impact at high (toxic) concentration: significant up- or downregulation of expression of about 300 genes at concentrations from 10−6 M to 10−18 M, and dramatically increased both the number of differentially expressed target genes (up to 1670) and the extent of their expression (fold changes compared to unexposed cells) at a toxic concentration of 10−4 M. Network pharmacology analyses of genes’ expression profiles using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software showed that at low physiological concentrations, ginsenoside Rg5 has the potential to activate the biosynthesis of cholesterol and to exhibit predictable effects in senescence, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and immune response, suggesting soft-acting, beneficial effects on organismal death, movement disorders, and cancer.</jats:p>
- Autoren
- Alexander Panossian
- Sara Abdelfatah
- Thomas Efferth
- DOI
- 10.3390/ph14100999
- eISSN
- 1424-8247
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 10
- Zeitschrift
- Pharmaceuticals
- Sprache
- en
- Online publication date
- 2021
- Paginierung
- 999 - 999
- Status
- Published online
- Herausgeber
- MDPI AG
- Herausgeber URL
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14100999
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2023
- Titel
- Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 14
Data source: Crossref
- Abstract
- Numerous in vitro studies on isolated cells have been conducted to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of <i>Panax ginseng</i> Meyer root extracts and purified ginsenosides. However, the concentrations of ginsenosides and the extracts used in these studies were much higher than those detected in pharmacokinetic studies in humans and animals orally administered with ginseng preparations at therapeutic doses. Our study aimed to assess: (a) the effects of ginsenoside Rg5, the major "rare" ginsenoside of Red Ginseng, on gene expression in the murine neuronal cell line HT22 in a wide range of concentrations, from 10<sup>-4</sup> to 10<sup>-18</sup> M, and (b) the effects of differentially expressed genes on cellular and physiological functions in organismal disorders and diseases. Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray analyses in HT22 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rg5 exhibits soft-acting effects on gene expression of neuronal cells in a wide range of physiological concentrations and strong reversal impact at high (toxic) concentration: significant up- or downregulation of expression of about 300 genes at concentrations from 10<sup>-6</sup> M to 10<sup>-18</sup> M, and dramatically increased both the number of differentially expressed target genes (up to 1670) and the extent of their expression (fold changes compared to unexposed cells) at a toxic concentration of 10<sup>-4</sup> M. Network pharmacology analyses of genes' expression profiles using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software showed that at low physiological concentrations, ginsenoside Rg5 has the potential to activate the biosynthesis of cholesterol and to exhibit predictable effects in senescence, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and immune response, suggesting soft-acting, beneficial effects on organismal death, movement disorders, and cancer.
- Addresses
- EuroPharma USA Inc., Green Bay, WI 54311, USA.
- Autoren
- Alexander Panossian
- Sara Abdelfatah
- Thomas Efferth
- DOI
- 10.3390/ph14100999
- eISSN
- 1424-8247
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Identifier: 34681222
- PubMed Central ID: PMC8537973
- Open access
- true
- ISSN
- 1424-8247
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 10
- Zeitschrift
- Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
- Sprache
- eng
- Medium
- Electronic
- Online publication date
- 2021
- Open access status
- Open Access
- Paginierung
- 999
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2021
- Status
- Published
- Publisher licence
- CC BY
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2021
- Titel
- Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations.
- Sub types
- research-article
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 14
Files
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/10/999/pdf?version=1634114988 https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8537973?pdf=render
Data source: Europe PubMed Central
- Abstract
- Numerous in vitro studies on isolated cells have been conducted to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of Panax ginseng Meyer root extracts and purified ginsenosides. However, the concentrations of ginsenosides and the extracts used in these studies were much higher than those detected in pharmacokinetic studies in humans and animals orally administered with ginseng preparations at therapeutic doses. Our study aimed to assess: (a) the effects of ginsenoside Rg5, the major "rare" ginsenoside of Red Ginseng, on gene expression in the murine neuronal cell line HT22 in a wide range of concentrations, from 10-4 to 10-18 M, and (b) the effects of differentially expressed genes on cellular and physiological functions in organismal disorders and diseases. Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray analyses in HT22 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rg5 exhibits soft-acting effects on gene expression of neuronal cells in a wide range of physiological concentrations and strong reversal impact at high (toxic) concentration: significant up- or downregulation of expression of about 300 genes at concentrations from 10-6 M to 10-18 M, and dramatically increased both the number of differentially expressed target genes (up to 1670) and the extent of their expression (fold changes compared to unexposed cells) at a toxic concentration of 10-4 M. Network pharmacology analyses of genes' expression profiles using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software showed that at low physiological concentrations, ginsenoside Rg5 has the potential to activate the biosynthesis of cholesterol and to exhibit predictable effects in senescence, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and immune response, suggesting soft-acting, beneficial effects on organismal death, movement disorders, and cancer.
- Date of acceptance
- 2021
- Autoren
- Alexander Panossian
- Sara Abdelfatah
- Thomas Efferth
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681222
- DOI
- 10.3390/ph14100999
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Central ID: PMC8537973
- ISSN
- 1424-8247
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 10
- Zeitschrift
- Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
- Schlüsselwörter
- IPA pathways
- gene expression
- ginsenoside Rg5
- network pharmacology
- red ginseng
- transcriptomics
- Sprache
- eng
- Country
- Switzerland
- PII
- ph14100999
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2021
- Status
- Published online
- Titel
- Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations.
- Sub types
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 14
Data source: PubMed
- Beziehungen:
-