A comparison of the cheater detection and the unrelated question models: a randomized response survey on physical and cognitive doping in recreational triathletes
- Publikationstyp:
- Zeitschriftenaufsatz
- Metadaten:
-
- Autoren
- Hannes Schröter
- Beatrix Studzinski
- Pavel Dietz
- Rolf Ulrich
- Heiko Striegel
- Perikles Simon
- Sammlungen
- metadata
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PLoS one
- Schlüsselwörter
- 796 Sport
- 796 Athletic and outdoor sports and games
- Sprache
- eng
- Paginierung
- e0155765
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2016
- Herausgeber
- PLoS
- Herausgeber URL
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155765
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2020
- Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
- 2020
- Zugang
- Public
- Titel
- A comparison of the cheater detection and the unrelated question models: a randomized response survey on physical and cognitive doping in recreational triathletes
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 11
Datenquelle: METADATA.UB
- Andere Metadatenquellen:
-
- Autoren
- Hannes Schroeter
- Beatrix Studzinski
- Pavel Dietz
- Rolf Ulrich
- Heiko Striegel
- Perikles Simon
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000376880700016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0155765
- Externe Identifier
- Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: DN2FY
- PubMed Identifier: 27218830
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PLOS ONE
- Artikelnummer
- ARTN e0155765
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2016
- Status
- Published
- Titel
- A Comparison of the Cheater Detection and the Unrelated Question Models: A Randomized Response Survey on Physical and Cognitive Doping in Recreational Triathletes
- Sub types
- Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 11
Datenquelle: Web of Science (Lite)
- Autoren
- Hannes Schröter
- Beatrix Studzinski
- Pavel Dietz
- Rolf Ulrich
- Heiko Striegel
- Perikles Simon
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0155765
- Editoren
- Jacob Barkley
- eISSN
- 1932-6203
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PLOS ONE
- Sprache
- en
- Online publication date
- 2016
- Paginierung
- e0155765 - e0155765
- Status
- Published online
- Herausgeber
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Herausgeber URL
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155765
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2018
- Titel
- A Comparison of the Cheater Detection and the Unrelated Question Models: A Randomized Response Survey on Physical and Cognitive Doping in Recreational Triathletes
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 11
Datenquelle: Crossref
- Abstract
- <h4>Purpose</h4>This study assessed the prevalence of physical and cognitive doping in recreational triathletes with two different randomized response models, that is, the Cheater Detection Model (CDM) and the Unrelated Question Model (UQM). Since both models have been employed in assessing doping, the major objective of this study was to investigate whether the estimates of these two models converge.<h4>Material and methods</h4>An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 2,967 athletes at two triathlon events (Frankfurt and Wiesbaden, Germany). Doping behavior was assessed either with the CDM (Frankfurt sample, one Wiesbaden subsample) or the UQM (one Wiesbaden subsample). A generalized likelihood-ratio test was employed to check whether the prevalence estimates differed significantly between models. In addition, we compared the prevalence rates of the present survey with those of a previous study on a comparable sample.<h4>Results</h4>After exclusion of incomplete questionnaires and outliers, the data of 2,017 athletes entered the final data analysis. Twelve-month prevalence for physical doping ranged from 4% (Wiesbaden, CDM and UQM) to 12% (Frankfurt CDM), and for cognitive doping from 1% (Wiesbaden, CDM) to 9% (Frankfurt CDM). The generalized likelihood-ratio test indicated no differences in prevalence rates between the two methods. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in prevalences between the present (undertaken in 2014) and the previous survey (undertaken in 2011), although the estimates tended to be smaller in the present survey.<h4>Discussion</h4>The results suggest that the two models can provide converging prevalence estimates. The high rate of cheaters estimated by the CDM, however, suggests that the present results must be seen as a lower bound and that the true prevalence of doping might be considerably higher.
- Addresses
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Autoren
- Hannes Schröter
- Beatrix Studzinski
- Pavel Dietz
- Rolf Ulrich
- Heiko Striegel
- Perikles Simon
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0155765
- eISSN
- 1932-6203
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Identifier: 27218830
- PubMed Central ID: PMC4878800
- Open access
- true
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PloS one
- Schlüsselwörter
- Humans
- Prevalence
- Likelihood Functions
- Random Allocation
- Models, Theoretical
- Doping in Sports
- Adult
- Aged
- Middle Aged
- Germany
- Female
- Male
- Young Adult
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Sprache
- eng
- Medium
- Electronic-eCollection
- Online publication date
- 2016
- Open access status
- Open Access
- Paginierung
- e0155765
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2016
- Status
- Published
- Publisher licence
- CC BY
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2016
- Titel
- A Comparison of the Cheater Detection and the Unrelated Question Models: A Randomized Response Survey on Physical and Cognitive Doping in Recreational Triathletes.
- Sub types
- research-article
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 11
Files
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155765&type=printable https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4878800?pdf=render
Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central
- Abstract
- PURPOSE: This study assessed the prevalence of physical and cognitive doping in recreational triathletes with two different randomized response models, that is, the Cheater Detection Model (CDM) and the Unrelated Question Model (UQM). Since both models have been employed in assessing doping, the major objective of this study was to investigate whether the estimates of these two models converge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 2,967 athletes at two triathlon events (Frankfurt and Wiesbaden, Germany). Doping behavior was assessed either with the CDM (Frankfurt sample, one Wiesbaden subsample) or the UQM (one Wiesbaden subsample). A generalized likelihood-ratio test was employed to check whether the prevalence estimates differed significantly between models. In addition, we compared the prevalence rates of the present survey with those of a previous study on a comparable sample. RESULTS: After exclusion of incomplete questionnaires and outliers, the data of 2,017 athletes entered the final data analysis. Twelve-month prevalence for physical doping ranged from 4% (Wiesbaden, CDM and UQM) to 12% (Frankfurt CDM), and for cognitive doping from 1% (Wiesbaden, CDM) to 9% (Frankfurt CDM). The generalized likelihood-ratio test indicated no differences in prevalence rates between the two methods. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in prevalences between the present (undertaken in 2014) and the previous survey (undertaken in 2011), although the estimates tended to be smaller in the present survey. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that the two models can provide converging prevalence estimates. The high rate of cheaters estimated by the CDM, however, suggests that the present results must be seen as a lower bound and that the true prevalence of doping might be considerably higher.
- Date of acceptance
- 2016
- Autoren
- Hannes Schröter
- Beatrix Studzinski
- Pavel Dietz
- Rolf Ulrich
- Heiko Striegel
- Perikles Simon
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27218830
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0155765
- eISSN
- 1932-6203
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Central ID: PMC4878800
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PLoS One
- Schlüsselwörter
- Adult
- Aged
- Doping in Sports
- Female
- Germany
- Humans
- Likelihood Functions
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Theoretical
- Prevalence
- Random Allocation
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Young Adult
- Sprache
- eng
- Country
- United States
- Paginierung
- e0155765
- PII
- PONE-D-16-08839
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2016
- Status
- Published online
- Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
- 2017
- Titel
- A Comparison of the Cheater Detection and the Unrelated Question Models: A Randomized Response Survey on Physical and Cognitive Doping in Recreational Triathletes.
- Sub types
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 11
Datenquelle: PubMed
- Author's licence
- CC-BY
- Autoren
- Hannes Schröter
- Beatrix Studzinski
- Pavel Dietz
- Rolf Ulrich
- Heiko Striegel
- Perikles Simon
- Hosting institution
- Universitätsbibliothek Mainz
- Sammlungen
- DFG-OA-Publizieren (2012 - 2017)
- Resource version
- Published version
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0155765
- Funding acknowledgements
- DFG, Open Access-Publizieren Universität Mainz / Universitätsmedizin
- File(s) embargoed
- false
- Open access
- true
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PLoS one
- Schlüsselwörter
- 796 Sport
- 796 Athletic and outdoor sports and games
- Sprache
- eng
- Open access status
- Open Access
- Paginierung
- e0155765
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2016
- Public URL
- https://openscience.ub.uni-mainz.de/handle/20.500.12030/7778
- Herausgeber
- PLoS
- Herausgeber URL
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155765
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2022
- Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
- 2022
- Zugang
- Public
- Titel
- A comparison of the cheater detection and the unrelated question models: a randomized response survey on physical and cognitive doping in recreational triathletes
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 11
Files
a_comparison_of_the_cheater_d-20220913200337094.pdf
Datenquelle: OPENSCIENCE.UB
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