Epigenetics in sports

Publikationstyp:
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Metadaten:
Autoren
  • Tobias Ehlert
  • Perikles Simon
  • Dirk A Moser
Sammlungen
  • metadata
ISSN
0112-1642
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
2
Zeitschrift
Sports medicine
Schlüsselwörter
  • 796 Sport
  • 796 Athletic and outdoor sports and games
Sprache
eng
Paginierung
Seiten: 93 - 110
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2013
Herausgeber
Springer
Herausgeber URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-012-0012-y
Datum der Datenerfassung
2020
Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
2020
Zugang
Public
Titel
Epigenetics in sports
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
43

Datenquelle: METADATA.UB

Andere Metadatenquellen:
Autoren
  • Tobias Ehlert
  • Perikles Simon
  • Dirk A Moser
Autoren-URL
https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000318535200002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
DOI
10.1007/s40279-012-0012-y
eISSN
1179-2035
Externe Identifier
  • Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: 138UJ
  • PubMed Identifier: 23329609
ISSN
0112-1642
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
2
Zeitschrift
SPORTS MEDICINE
Paginierung
93 - 110
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2013
Status
Published
Titel
Epigenetics in Sports
Sub types
  • Review
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
43

Datenquelle: Web of Science (Lite)

Autoren
  • Tobias Ehlert
  • Perikles Simon
  • Dirk A Moser
DOI
10.1007/s40279-012-0012-y
eISSN
1179-2035
ISSN
0112-1642
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
2
Zeitschrift
Sports Medicine
Sprache
en
Online publication date
2013
Paginierung
93 - 110
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2013
Status
Published
Herausgeber
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Herausgeber URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-012-0012-y
Datum der Datenerfassung
2024
Titel
Epigenetics in Sports
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
43

Datenquelle: Crossref

Abstract
The heritability of specific phenotypical traits relevant for physical performance has been extensively investigated and discussed by experts from various research fields. By deciphering the complete human DNA sequence, the human genome project has provided impressive insights into the genomic landscape. The hope that this information would reveal the origin of phenotypical traits relevant for physical performance or disease risks has proven overly optimistic, and it is still premature to refer to a 'post-genomic' era of biological science. Linking genomic regions with functions, phenotypical traits and variation in disease risk is now a major experimental bottleneck. The recent deluge of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) generates extensive lists of sequence variants and genes potentially linked to phenotypical traits, but functional insight is at best sparse. The focus of this review is on the complex mechanisms that modulate gene expression. A large fraction of these mechanisms is integrated into the field of epigenetics, mainly DNA methylation and histone modifications, which lead to persistent effects on the availability of DNA for transcription. With the exceptions of genomic imprinting and very rare cases of epigenetic inheritance, epigenetic modifications are not inherited transgenerationally. Along with their susceptibility to external influences, epigenetic patterns are highly specific to the individual and may represent pivotal control centers predisposing towards higher or lower physical performance capacities. In that context, we specifically review how epigenetics combined with classical genetics could broaden our knowledge of genotype-phenotype interactions. We discuss some of the shortcomings of GWAS and explain how epigenetic influences can mask the outcome of quantitative genetic studies. We consider epigenetic influences, such as genomic imprinting and epigenetic inheritance, as well as the life-long variability of epigenetic modification patterns and their potential impact on phenotype with special emphasis on traits related to physical performance. We suggest that epigenetic effects may also play a considerable role in the determination of athletic potential and these effects will need to be studied using more sophisticated quantitative genetic models. In the future, epigenetic status and its potential influence on athletic performance will have to be considered, explored and validated using well controlled model systems before we can begin to extrapolate new findings to complex and heterogeneous human populations. A combination of the fields of genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics along with improved bioinformatics tools and precise phenotyping, as well as a precise classification of the test populations is required for future research to better understand the inter-relations of exercise physiology, performance traits and also susceptibility towards diseases. Only this combined input can provide the overall outlook necessary to decode the molecular foundation of physical performance.
Addresses
  • Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Mainz, Germany.
Autoren
  • Tobias Ehlert
  • Perikles Simon
  • Dirk A Moser
DOI
10.1007/s40279-012-0012-y
eISSN
1179-2035
Externe Identifier
  • PubMed Identifier: 23329609
Open access
false
ISSN
0112-1642
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
2
Zeitschrift
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
Schlüsselwörter
  • Humans
  • Histones
  • DNA Methylation
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Epigenesis, Genetic
  • Genomic Imprinting
  • Genotype
  • Phenotype
  • Sports
  • Athletic Performance
  • Genome-Wide Association Study
Sprache
eng
Medium
Print
Paginierung
93 - 110
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2013
Status
Published
Datum der Datenerfassung
2013
Titel
Epigenetics in sports.
Sub types
  • Review
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
43

Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract
The heritability of specific phenotypical traits relevant for physical performance has been extensively investigated and discussed by experts from various research fields. By deciphering the complete human DNA sequence, the human genome project has provided impressive insights into the genomic landscape. The hope that this information would reveal the origin of phenotypical traits relevant for physical performance or disease risks has proven overly optimistic, and it is still premature to refer to a 'post-genomic' era of biological science. Linking genomic regions with functions, phenotypical traits and variation in disease risk is now a major experimental bottleneck. The recent deluge of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) generates extensive lists of sequence variants and genes potentially linked to phenotypical traits, but functional insight is at best sparse. The focus of this review is on the complex mechanisms that modulate gene expression. A large fraction of these mechanisms is integrated into the field of epigenetics, mainly DNA methylation and histone modifications, which lead to persistent effects on the availability of DNA for transcription. With the exceptions of genomic imprinting and very rare cases of epigenetic inheritance, epigenetic modifications are not inherited transgenerationally. Along with their susceptibility to external influences, epigenetic patterns are highly specific to the individual and may represent pivotal control centers predisposing towards higher or lower physical performance capacities. In that context, we specifically review how epigenetics combined with classical genetics could broaden our knowledge of genotype-phenotype interactions. We discuss some of the shortcomings of GWAS and explain how epigenetic influences can mask the outcome of quantitative genetic studies. We consider epigenetic influences, such as genomic imprinting and epigenetic inheritance, as well as the life-long variability of epigenetic modification patterns and their potential impact on phenotype with special emphasis on traits related to physical performance. We suggest that epigenetic effects may also play a considerable role in the determination of athletic potential and these effects will need to be studied using more sophisticated quantitative genetic models. In the future, epigenetic status and its potential influence on athletic performance will have to be considered, explored and validated using well controlled model systems before we can begin to extrapolate new findings to complex and heterogeneous human populations. A combination of the fields of genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics along with improved bioinformatics tools and precise phenotyping, as well as a precise classification of the test populations is required for future research to better understand the inter-relations of exercise physiology, performance traits and also susceptibility towards diseases. Only this combined input can provide the overall outlook necessary to decode the molecular foundation of physical performance.
Autoren
  • Tobias Ehlert
  • Perikles Simon
  • Dirk A Moser
Autoren-URL
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329609
DOI
10.1007/s40279-012-0012-y
eISSN
1179-2035
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
2
Zeitschrift
Sports Med
Schlüsselwörter
  • Athletic Performance
  • DNA Methylation
  • Epigenesis, Genetic
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Genome-Wide Association Study
  • Genomic Imprinting
  • Genotype
  • Histones
  • Humans
  • Phenotype
  • Sports
Sprache
eng
Country
New Zealand
Paginierung
93 - 110
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2013
Status
Published
Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
2013
Titel
Epigenetics in sports.
Sub types
  • Journal Article
  • Review
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
43

Datenquelle: PubMed

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