Lipase Activity in Insect Oral Secretions Mediates Defense Responses in Arabidopsis

Abstract

AbstractHow plants perceive herbivory is not yet well understood. We investigated early responses of the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to attack from the generalist grasshopper herbivore, Schistocerca gregaria (Caelifera). When compared with wounding alone, S. gregaria attack and the application of grasshopper oral secretions (GS) to puncture wounds elicited a rapid accumulation of various oxylipins, including 13-hydroperoxy octadecatrienoic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonic acid, and jasmonic acid-isoleucine. Additionally, GS increased cytosolic calcium levels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK3 and MPK6) activity, and ethylene emission but not the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Although GS contain caeliferin A16:0, a putative elicitor of caeliferan herbivores, treatment with pure, synthetic caeliferin A16:0 did not induce any of the observed responses. With mutant plants, we demonstrate that the observed changes in oxylipin levels are independent of MPK3 and MPK6 activity but that MPK6 is important for the GS-induced ethylene release. Biochemical and pharmacological analyses revealed that the lipase activity of GS plays a central role in the GS-induced accumulation of oxylipins, especially OPDA, which could be fully mimicked by treating puncture wounds only with a lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus. GS elicitation increased the levels of OPDA-responsive transcripts. Because the oral secretions of most insects used to study herbivory-induced responses in Arabidopsis rapidly elicit similar accumulations of OPDA, we suggest that lipids containing OPDA (arabidopsides) play an important role in the activation of herbivory-induced responses.

Autoren

Martin Schäfer
Christine Fischer
Stefan Meldau
Eileen Seebald
Ralf Oelmüller
Ian T Baldwin

DOI

10.1104/pp.111.173567

eISSN

1532-2548

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

3

Zeitschrift

Plant Physiology

Sprache

en

Online publication date

2011

Paginierung

1520 - 1534

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2011

Status

Published

Herausgeber

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Herausgeber URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.173567

Datum der Datenerfassung

2024

Titel

Lipase Activity in Insect Oral Secretions Mediates Defense Responses in Arabidopsis

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

156

Datenquelle: Crossref

Abstract

How plants perceive herbivory is not yet well understood. We investigated early responses of the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to attack from the generalist grasshopper herbivore, Schistocerca gregaria (Caelifera). When compared with wounding alone, S. gregaria attack and the application of grasshopper oral secretions (GS) to puncture wounds elicited a rapid accumulation of various oxylipins, including 13-hydroperoxy octadecatrienoic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonic acid, and jasmonic acid-isoleucine. Additionally, GS increased cytosolic calcium levels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK3 and MPK6) activity, and ethylene emission but not the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Although GS contain caeliferin A16:0, a putative elicitor of caeliferan herbivores, treatment with pure, synthetic caeliferin A16:0 did not induce any of the observed responses. With mutant plants, we demonstrate that the observed changes in oxylipin levels are independent of MPK3 and MPK6 activity but that MPK6 is important for the GS-induced ethylene release. Biochemical and pharmacological analyses revealed that the lipase activity of GS plays a central role in the GS-induced accumulation of oxylipins, especially OPDA, which could be fully mimicked by treating puncture wounds only with a lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus. GS elicitation increased the levels of OPDA-responsive transcripts. Because the oral secretions of most insects used to study herbivory-induced responses in Arabidopsis rapidly elicit similar accumulations of OPDA, we suggest that lipids containing OPDA (arabidopsides) play an important role in the activation of herbivory-induced responses.

Addresses

Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany.

Autoren

Martin Schäfer
Christine Fischer
Stefan Meldau
Eileen Seebald
Ralf Oelmüller
Ian T Baldwin

DOI

10.1104/pp.111.173567

eISSN

1532-2548

Externe Identifier

PubMed Identifier: 21546453

Open access

false

ISSN

0032-0889

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

3

Zeitschrift

Plant physiology

Schlüsselwörter

Mouth
Animals
Grasshoppers
Arabidopsis
Reactive Oxygen Species
Ethylenes
Cyclopentanes
Lipase
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Arabidopsis Proteins
RNA, Messenger
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Molecular Sequence Data
Oxylipins
Insecta

Sprache

eng

Medium

Print-Electronic

Online publication date

2011

Paginierung

1520 - 1534

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2011

Status

Published

Publisher licence

CC BY

Datum der Datenerfassung

2011

Titel

Lipase activity in insect oral secretions mediates defense responses in Arabidopsis.

Sub types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

156

Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract

How plants perceive herbivory is not yet well understood. We investigated early responses of the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to attack from the generalist grasshopper herbivore, Schistocerca gregaria (Caelifera). When compared with wounding alone, S. gregaria attack and the application of grasshopper oral secretions (GS) to puncture wounds elicited a rapid accumulation of various oxylipins, including 13-hydroperoxy octadecatrienoic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonic acid, and jasmonic acid-isoleucine. Additionally, GS increased cytosolic calcium levels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK3 and MPK6) activity, and ethylene emission but not the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Although GS contain caeliferin A16:0, a putative elicitor of caeliferan herbivores, treatment with pure, synthetic caeliferin A16:0 did not induce any of the observed responses. With mutant plants, we demonstrate that the observed changes in oxylipin levels are independent of MPK3 and MPK6 activity but that MPK6 is important for the GS-induced ethylene release. Biochemical and pharmacological analyses revealed that the lipase activity of GS plays a central role in the GS-induced accumulation of oxylipins, especially OPDA, which could be fully mimicked by treating puncture wounds only with a lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus. GS elicitation increased the levels of OPDA-responsive transcripts. Because the oral secretions of most insects used to study herbivory-induced responses in Arabidopsis rapidly elicit similar accumulations of OPDA, we suggest that lipids containing OPDA (arabidopsides) play an important role in the activation of herbivory-induced responses.

Autoren

Martin Schäfer
Christine Fischer
Stefan Meldau
Eileen Seebald
Ralf Oelmüller
Ian T Baldwin

Autoren-URL

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21546453

DOI

10.1104/pp.111.173567

eISSN

1532-2548

Externe Identifier

PubMed Central ID: PMC3135923

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

3

Zeitschrift

Plant Physiol

Schlüsselwörter

Animals
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis Proteins
Cyclopentanes
Ethylenes
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Grasshoppers
Insecta
Lipase
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Molecular Sequence Data
Mouth
Oxylipins
RNA, Messenger
Reactive Oxygen Species

Sprache

eng

Country

United States

Paginierung

1520 - 1534

PII

pp.111.173567

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2011

Status

Published

Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde

2011

Titel

Lipase activity in insect oral secretions mediates defense responses in Arabidopsis.

Sub types

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

156

Datenquelle: PubMed

Lipase Activity in Insect Oral Secretions Mediates Defense Responses in Arabidopsis

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