Molecular basis of human Usher syndrome:: Deciphering the meshes of the Usher protein network provides insights into the pathomechanisms of the Usher disease

Autoren

Jan Reiners
Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
Karin Jürgens
Tina Märker
Uwe Wolfrum

DOI

10.1016/j.exer.2005.11.010

ISSN

0014-4835

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

1

Zeitschrift

Experimental Eye Research

Sprache

en

Paginierung

97 - 119

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2006

Status

Published

Herausgeber

Elsevier BV

Herausgeber URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2005.11.010

Datum der Datenerfassung

2021

Titel

Molecular basis of human Usher syndrome: Deciphering the meshes of the Usher protein network provides insights into the pathomechanisms of the Usher disease

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

83

Datenquelle: Crossref

Abstract

Usher syndrome (USH) is the most frequent cause of combined deaf-blindness in man. It is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and at least 12 chromosomal loci are assigned to three clinical USH types, namely USH1A-G, USH2A-C, USH3A (Davenport, S.L.H., Omenn, G.S., 1977. The heterogeneity of Usher syndrome. Vth Int. Conf. Birth Defects, Montreal; Petit, C., 2001. Usher syndrome: from genetics to pathogenesis. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2, 271-297). Mutations in USH type 1 genes cause the most severe form of USH. In USH1 patients, congenital deafness is combined with a pre-pubertal onset of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and severe vestibular dysfunctions. Those with USH2 have moderate to severe congenital hearing loss, non-vestibular dysfunction and a later onset of RP. USH3 is characterized by variable RP and vestibular dysfunction combined with progressive hearing loss. The gene products of eight identified USH genes belong to different protein classes and families. There are five known USH1 molecules: the molecular motor myosin VIIa (USH1B); the two cell-cell adhesion cadherin proteins, cadherin 23 (USH1D) and protocadherin 15, (USH1F) and the scaffold proteins, harmonin (USH1C) and SANS (USH1G). In addition, two USH2 genes and one USH3A gene have been identified. The two USH2 genes code for the transmembrane protein USH2A, also termed USH2A ("usherin") and the G-protein-coupled 7-transmembrane receptor VLGR1b (USH2C), respectively, whereas the USH3A gene encodes clarin-1, a member of the clarin family which exhibits 4-transmembrane domains. Molecular analysis of USH1 protein function revealed that all five USH1 proteins are integrated into a protein network via binding to PDZ domains in the USH1C protein harmonin. Furthermore, this scaffold function of harmonin is supported by the USH1G protein SANS. Recently, we have shown that the USH2 proteins USH2A and VLGR1b as well as the candidate for USH2B, the sodium bicarbonate co-transporter NBC3, are also integrated into this USH protein network. In the inner ear, these interactions are essential for the differentiation of hair cell stereocilia but may also participate in the mechano-electrical signal transduction and the synaptic function of maturated hair cells. In the retina, the co-expression of all USH1 and USH2 proteins at the synapse of photoreceptor cells indicates that they are organized in an USH protein network there. The identification of the USH protein network indicates a common pathophysiological pathway in USH. Dysfunction or absence of any of the molecules in the mutual "interactome" related to the USH disease may lead to disruption of the network causing senso-neuronal degeneration in the inner ear and the retina, the clinical symptoms of USH.

Addresses

Institute of Zoology, Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Müllerweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

Autoren

Jan Reiners
Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
Karin Jürgens
Tina Märker
Uwe Wolfrum

DOI

10.1016/j.exer.2005.11.010

eISSN

1096-0007

Externe Identifier

PubMed Identifier: 16545802

Open access

false

ISSN

0014-4835

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

1

Zeitschrift

Experimental eye research

Schlüsselwörter

Animals
Humans
Deafness
Retinal Degeneration
Disease Models, Animal
Microtubule Proteins
Myosins
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Cell Cycle Proteins
Cytoskeletal Proteins
Cadherins
Membrane Proteins
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Mutation
Models, Genetic
Models, Molecular
Usher Syndromes
Vestibule, Labyrinth
Dyneins
Cadherin Related Proteins
Myosin VIIa

Sprache

eng

Medium

Print-Electronic

Online publication date

2006

Paginierung

97 - 119

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2006

Status

Published

Datum der Datenerfassung

2006

Titel

Molecular basis of human Usher syndrome: deciphering the meshes of the Usher protein network provides insights into the pathomechanisms of the Usher disease.

Sub types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Journal Article

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

83

Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract

Usher syndrome (USH) is the most frequent cause of combined deaf-blindness in man. It is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and at least 12 chromosomal loci are assigned to three clinical USH types, namely USH1A-G, USH2A-C, USH3A (Davenport, S.L.H., Omenn, G.S., 1977. The heterogeneity of Usher syndrome. Vth Int. Conf. Birth Defects, Montreal; Petit, C., 2001. Usher syndrome: from genetics to pathogenesis. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2, 271-297). Mutations in USH type 1 genes cause the most severe form of USH. In USH1 patients, congenital deafness is combined with a pre-pubertal onset of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and severe vestibular dysfunctions. Those with USH2 have moderate to severe congenital hearing loss, non-vestibular dysfunction and a later onset of RP. USH3 is characterized by variable RP and vestibular dysfunction combined with progressive hearing loss. The gene products of eight identified USH genes belong to different protein classes and families. There are five known USH1 molecules: the molecular motor myosin VIIa (USH1B); the two cell-cell adhesion cadherin proteins, cadherin 23 (USH1D) and protocadherin 15, (USH1F) and the scaffold proteins, harmonin (USH1C) and SANS (USH1G). In addition, two USH2 genes and one USH3A gene have been identified. The two USH2 genes code for the transmembrane protein USH2A, also termed USH2A ("usherin") and the G-protein-coupled 7-transmembrane receptor VLGR1b (USH2C), respectively, whereas the USH3A gene encodes clarin-1, a member of the clarin family which exhibits 4-transmembrane domains. Molecular analysis of USH1 protein function revealed that all five USH1 proteins are integrated into a protein network via binding to PDZ domains in the USH1C protein harmonin. Furthermore, this scaffold function of harmonin is supported by the USH1G protein SANS. Recently, we have shown that the USH2 proteins USH2A and VLGR1b as well as the candidate for USH2B, the sodium bicarbonate co-transporter NBC3, are also integrated into this USH protein network. In the inner ear, these interactions are essential for the differentiation of hair cell stereocilia but may also participate in the mechano-electrical signal transduction and the synaptic function of maturated hair cells. In the retina, the co-expression of all USH1 and USH2 proteins at the synapse of photoreceptor cells indicates that they are organized in an USH protein network there. The identification of the USH protein network indicates a common pathophysiological pathway in USH. Dysfunction or absence of any of the molecules in the mutual "interactome" related to the USH disease may lead to disruption of the network causing senso-neuronal degeneration in the inner ear and the retina, the clinical symptoms of USH.

Date of acceptance

2005

Autoren

Jan Reiners
Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
Karin Jürgens
Tina Märker
Uwe Wolfrum

Autoren-URL

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16545802

DOI

10.1016/j.exer.2005.11.010

ISSN

0014-4835

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

1

Zeitschrift

Exp Eye Res

Schlüsselwörter

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Animals
Cadherin Related Proteins
Cadherins
Cell Cycle Proteins
Cytoskeletal Proteins
Deafness
Disease Models, Animal
Dyneins
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Humans
Membrane Proteins
Microtubule Proteins
Models, Genetic
Models, Molecular
Mutation
Myosin VIIa
Myosins
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Retinal Degeneration
Usher Syndromes
Vestibule, Labyrinth

Sprache

eng

Country

England

Paginierung

97 - 119

PII

S0014-4835(06)00068-6

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2006

Status

Published

Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde

2006

Titel

Molecular basis of human Usher syndrome: deciphering the meshes of the Usher protein network provides insights into the pathomechanisms of the Usher disease.

Sub types

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

83

Datenquelle: PubMed

Molecular basis of human Usher syndrome:: Deciphering the meshes of the Usher protein network provides insights into the pathomechanisms of the Usher disease

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