Prediction Profiles for Nutritional Supplement Use Among Young German Elite Athletes

Abstract

Nutritional supplements (NS) are defined as concentrated sources of nutrients and other substances that have a nutritional or physiological effect and that are used in high frequency among athletes. The study aimed to create a prediction profile for young elite athletes to identify those athletes who have a higher relative risk for using NS. The second objective was to examine the hypothesis that the consumption of NS paves a gateway for the use of illicit drugs and doping substances. A self-designed anonymous paper-and-pencil questionnaire was used to examine the prevalence of NS consumption, doping, and illicit drug use in elite athletes with a mean age of 17 years (SD = 4 years). Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess whether NS consumption can be predicted by independent variables (e.g., biographical data, training characteristics, drug consumption behavior) to create the prediction profile for NS use. 55% and 5% of the athletes (n = 536) responded positively to having used NS and illicit drugs, respectively. Nutritional supplement consumption was positively correlated with age (OR: 1.92; CI: 1.21 to 3.05), the desire to enhance performance to become an Olympic or World Champion (OR: 3.72; CI: 2.33 to 6.01), and being educated about NS (OR: 2.76; CI: 1.73 to 4.45). It was negatively correlated with training frequency (OR: 0.55; CI: 0.35 to 0.86) and the use of nicotine (OR: 0.29; CI: 0.1 to 0.74) but did not correlate with illicit drug use and alcohol consumption. The present results show that NS are used on a large scale in elite sports. The prediction profile presented in this article may help to identify those athletes who have a high risk for using NS to plan potential education and prevention models more individually.

Autoren

Pavel Dietz
Rolf Ulrich
Andreas Niess
Raymond Best
Perikles Simon
Heiko Striegel

DOI

10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0009

eISSN

1543-2742

ISSN

1526-484X

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

6

Zeitschrift

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

Paginierung

623 - 631

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2014

Status

Published

Herausgeber

Human Kinetics

Herausgeber URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0009

Datum der Datenerfassung

2022

Titel

Prediction Profiles for Nutritional Supplement Use Among Young German Elite Athletes

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

24

Datenquelle: Crossref

Abstract

Nutritional supplements (NS) are defined as concentrated sources of nutrients and other substances that have a nutritional or physiological effect and that are used in high frequency among athletes. The study aimed to create a prediction profile for young elite athletes to identify those athletes who have a higher relative risk for using NS. The second objective was to examine the hypothesis that the consumption of NS paves a gateway for the use of illicit drugs and doping substances. A self-designed anonymous paper-and-pencil questionnaire was used to examine the prevalence of NS consumption, doping, and illicit drug use in elite athletes with a mean age of 17 years (SD = 4 years). Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess whether NS consumption can be predicted by independent variables (e.g., biographical data, training characteristics, drug consumption behavior) to create the prediction profile for NS use. 55% and 5% of the athletes (n = 536) responded positively to having used NS and illicit drugs, respectively. Nutritional supplement consumption was positively correlated with age (OR: 1.92; CI: 1.21 to 3.05), the desire to enhance performance to become an Olympic or World Champion (OR: 3.72; CI: 2.33 to 6.01), and being educated about NS (OR: 2.76; CI: 1.73 to 4.45). It was negatively correlated with training frequency (OR: 0.55; CI: 0.35 to 0.86) and the use of nicotine (OR: 0.29; CI: 0.1 to 0.74) but did not correlate with illicit drug use and alcohol consumption. The present results show that NS are used on a large scale in elite sports. The prediction profile presented in this article may help to identify those athletes who have a high risk for using NS to plan potential education and prevention models more individually.

Addresses

Dept. of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.

Autoren

Pavel Dietz
Rolf Ulrich
Andreas Niess
Raymond Best
Perikles Simon
Heiko Striegel

DOI

10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0009

eISSN

1543-2742

Externe Identifier

PubMed Identifier: 24901677

Open access

false

ISSN

1526-484X

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

6

Zeitschrift

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Schlüsselwörter

Humans
Odds Ratio
Regression Analysis
Risk-Taking
Age Factors
Forecasting
Doping in Sports
Dietary Supplements
Adolescent
Adult
Child
Germany
Female
Male
Athletic Performance
Young Adult
Athletes
Performance-Enhancing Substances
Surveys and Questionnaires

Sprache

eng

Medium

Print-Electronic

Online publication date

2014

Paginierung

623 - 631

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2014

Status

Published

Datum der Datenerfassung

2014

Titel

Prediction profiles for nutritional supplement use among young German elite athletes.

Sub types

Journal Article

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

24

Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract

Nutritional supplements (NS) are defined as concentrated sources of nutrients and other substances that have a nutritional or physiological effect and that are used in high frequency among athletes. The study aimed to create a prediction profile for young elite athletes to identify those athletes who have a higher relative risk for using NS. The second objective was to examine the hypothesis that the consumption of NS paves a gateway for the use of illicit drugs and doping substances. A self-designed anonymous paper-and-pencil questionnaire was used to examine the prevalence of NS consumption, doping, and illicit drug use in elite athletes with a mean age of 17 years (SD = 4 years). Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess whether NS consumption can be predicted by independent variables (e.g., biographical data, training characteristics, drug consumption behavior) to create the prediction profile for NS use. 55% and 5% of the athletes (n = 536) responded positively to having used NS and illicit drugs, respectively. Nutritional supplement consumption was positively correlated with age (OR: 1.92; CI: 1.21 to 3.05), the desire to enhance performance to become an Olympic or World Champion (OR: 3.72; CI: 2.33 to 6.01), and being educated about NS (OR: 2.76; CI: 1.73 to 4.45). It was negatively correlated with training frequency (OR: 0.55; CI: 0.35 to 0.86) and the use of nicotine (OR: 0.29; CI: 0.1 to 0.74) but did not correlate with illicit drug use and alcohol consumption. The present results show that NS are used on a large scale in elite sports. The prediction profile presented in this article may help to identify those athletes who have a high risk for using NS to plan potential education and prevention models more individually.

Autoren

Pavel Dietz
Rolf Ulrich
Andreas Niess
Raymond Best
Perikles Simon
Heiko Striegel

Autoren-URL

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24901677

DOI

10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0009

eISSN

1543-2742

Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung

6

Zeitschrift

Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab

Schlüsselwörter

Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Athletes
Athletic Performance
Child
Dietary Supplements
Doping in Sports
Female
Forecasting
Germany
Humans
Male
Odds Ratio
Performance-Enhancing Substances
Regression Analysis
Risk-Taking
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult

Sprache

eng

Country

United States

Paginierung

623 - 631

PII

2014-0009

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2014

Status

Published

Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde

2015

Titel

Prediction profiles for nutritional supplement use among young German elite athletes.

Sub types

Journal Article

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

24

Datenquelle: PubMed

Prediction Profiles for Nutritional Supplement Use Among Young German Elite Athletes

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