Stress in School. Some Empirical Hints on the Circadian Cortisol Rhythm of Children in Outdoor and Indoor Classes
- Publikationstyp:
- Zeitschriftenaufsatz
- Metadaten:
-
- Autoren
- Ulrich Dettweiler
- Christoph Becker
- Bjorn H Auestad
- Perikles Simon
- Peter Kirsch
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000404106400023&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijerph14050475
- eISSN
- 1660-4601
- Externe Identifier
- Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: EY6PT
- PubMed Identifier: 28468292
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
- Schlüsselwörter
- stress
- cortisol
- physical activity
- outdoor learning
- mixed effect model
- Artikelnummer
- ARTN 475
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2017
- Status
- Published
- Titel
- Stress in School. Some Empirical Hints on the Circadian Cortisol Rhythm of Children in Outdoor and Indoor Classes
- Sub types
- Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 14
Datenquelle: Web of Science (Lite)
- Andere Metadatenquellen:
-
- Autoren
- Ulrich Dettweiler
- Christoph Becker
- Bjørn H Auestad
- Perikles Simon
- Peter Kirsch
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijerph14050475
- eISSN
- 1660-4601
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Sprache
- en
- Online publication date
- 2017
- Paginierung
- 475 - 475
- Status
- Published online
- Herausgeber
- MDPI AG
- Herausgeber URL
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050475
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2022
- Titel
- Stress in School. Some Empirical Hints on the Circadian Cortisol Rhythm of Children in Outdoor and Indoor Classes
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 14
Datenquelle: Crossref
- Abstract
- This prospective longitudinal survey compared the stress levels of students taught using an outdoor curriculum in a forest, with children in a normal school setting. We were especially interested in the effect outdoor teaching might have on the children's normal diurnal cortisol rhythm. 48 children (mean age = 11.23; standard deviation (SD) = 0.46) were enrolled, with 37 in the intervention group (IG), and 11 in the control group (CG). The intervention consisted of one full school day per week in the forest over the school year. Stress levels were measured in cortisol with three samples of saliva per day. Furthermore, the data allowed for statistical control of physical activity (PA) values. For data analysis, we used a linear mixed-effects model (LMM) with random intercept and general correlation matrix for the within-unit residuals. The LMM yields that IG have expected greater decline of cortisol compared to CG; rate 0.069 µg/L vs. 0.0102 µg/L (log-units/2 h), <i>p</i> = 0.009. PA does not show a statistically significant interaction with cortisol (<i>p</i> = 0.857), despite being higher in the intervention group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The main effect in our measures was that the IG had a steady decline of cortisol during the school day. This is in accordance with a healthy child's diurnal rhythm, with a significant decline of cortisol from morning to noon. This effect is constant over the school year. The CG does not show this decline during either measurement day. Further research is needed to fully explain this interesting phenomenon.
- Addresses
- Department of Cultural Studies and Languages, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway. ulrich.dettweiler@uis.no.
- Autoren
- Ulrich Dettweiler
- Christoph Becker
- Bjørn H Auestad
- Perikles Simon
- Peter Kirsch
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijerph14050475
- eISSN
- 1660-4601
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Identifier: 28468292
- PubMed Central ID: PMC5451926
- Open access
- true
- ISSN
- 1661-7827
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- International journal of environmental research and public health
- Schlüsselwörter
- Saliva
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone
- Linear Models
- Longitudinal Studies
- Prospective Studies
- Stress, Psychological
- Environment
- Circadian Rhythm
- Students
- Teaching
- Child
- Germany
- Female
- Male
- Sprache
- eng
- Medium
- Electronic
- Online publication date
- 2017
- Open access status
- Open Access
- Paginierung
- E475
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2017
- Status
- Published
- Publisher licence
- CC BY
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2017
- Titel
- Stress in School. Some Empirical Hints on the Circadian Cortisol Rhythm of Children in Outdoor and Indoor Classes.
- Sub types
- research-article
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 14
Files
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/5/475/pdf?version=1493634463 https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5451926?pdf=render
Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central
- Abstract
- This prospective longitudinal survey compared the stress levels of students taught using an outdoor curriculum in a forest, with children in a normal school setting. We were especially interested in the effect outdoor teaching might have on the children's normal diurnal cortisol rhythm. 48 children (mean age = 11.23; standard deviation (SD) = 0.46) were enrolled, with 37 in the intervention group (IG), and 11 in the control group (CG). The intervention consisted of one full school day per week in the forest over the school year. Stress levels were measured in cortisol with three samples of saliva per day. Furthermore, the data allowed for statistical control of physical activity (PA) values. For data analysis, we used a linear mixed-effects model (LMM) with random intercept and general correlation matrix for the within-unit residuals. The LMM yields that IG have expected greater decline of cortisol compared to CG; rate 0.069 µg/L vs. 0.0102 µg/L (log-units/2 h), p = 0.009. PA does not show a statistically significant interaction with cortisol (p = 0.857), despite being higher in the intervention group (p < 0.001). The main effect in our measures was that the IG had a steady decline of cortisol during the school day. This is in accordance with a healthy child's diurnal rhythm, with a significant decline of cortisol from morning to noon. This effect is constant over the school year. The CG does not show this decline during either measurement day. Further research is needed to fully explain this interesting phenomenon.
- Date of acceptance
- 2017
- Autoren
- Ulrich Dettweiler
- Christoph Becker
- Bjørn H Auestad
- Perikles Simon
- Peter Kirsch
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28468292
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijerph14050475
- eISSN
- 1660-4601
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Central ID: PMC5451926
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- Int J Environ Res Public Health
- Schlüsselwörter
- cortisol
- mixed effect model
- outdoor learning
- physical activity
- stress
- Child
- Circadian Rhythm
- Environment
- Female
- Germany
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone
- Linear Models
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Prospective Studies
- Saliva
- Stress, Psychological
- Students
- Teaching
- Sprache
- eng
- Country
- Switzerland
- PII
- ijerph14050475
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2017
- Status
- Published online
- Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
- 2017
- Titel
- Stress in School. Some Empirical Hints on the Circadian Cortisol Rhythm of Children in Outdoor and Indoor Classes.
- Sub types
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 14
Datenquelle: PubMed
- Beziehungen:
- Eigentum von