Physical and cognitive doping in university students using the unrelated question model (UQM): Assessing the influence of the probability of receiving the sensitive question on prevalence estimation
- Publikationstyp:
- Zeitschriftenaufsatz
- Metadaten:
-
- Autoren
- Pavel Dietz
- Anne Quermann
- Mireille Nicoline Maria van Poppel
- Heiko Striegel
- Hannes Schroeter
- Rolf Ulrich
- Perikles Simon
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000432118800033&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0197270
- Externe Identifier
- Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: GF7AA
- PubMed Identifier: 29763428
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PLOS ONE
- Artikelnummer
- ARTN e0197270
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2018
- Status
- Published
- Titel
- Physical and cognitive doping in university students using the unrelated question model (UQM): Assessing the influence of the probability of receiving the sensitive question on prevalence estimation
- Sub types
- Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 13
Datenquelle: Web of Science (Lite)
- Andere Metadatenquellen:
-
- Autoren
- Pavel Dietz
- Anne Quermann
- Mireille Nicoline Maria van Poppel
- Heiko Striegel
- Hannes Schröter
- Rolf Ulrich
- Perikles Simon
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0197270
- Editoren
- Ji-Young An
- eISSN
- 1932-6203
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PLOS ONE
- Sprache
- en
- Online publication date
- 2018
- Paginierung
- e0197270 - e0197270
- Status
- Published online
- Herausgeber
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Herausgeber URL
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197270
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2023
- Titel
- Physical and cognitive doping in university students using the unrelated question model (UQM): Assessing the influence of the probability of receiving the sensitive question on prevalence estimation
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 13
Datenquelle: Crossref
- Abstract
- <h4>Study objectives</h4>In order to increase the value of randomized response techniques (RRTs) as tools for studying sensitive issues, the present study investigated whether the prevalence estimate for a sensitive item [Formula: see text] assessed with the unrelated questionnaire method (UQM) is influenced by changing the probability of receiving the sensitive question p.<h4>Material and methods</h4>A short paper-and-pencil questionnaire was distributed to 1.243 university students assessing the 12-month prevalence of physical and cognitive doping using two versions of the UQM with different probabilities for receiving the sensitive question (p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3). Likelihood ratio tests were used to assess whether the prevalence estimates for physical and cognitive doping differed significantly between p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3. The order of questions (physical doping and cognitive doping) as well as the probability of receiving the sensitive question (p ≈ 1/3 or p ≈ 2/3) were counterbalanced across participants. Statistical power analyses were performed to determine sample size.<h4>Results</h4>The prevalence estimate for physical doping with p ≈ 1/3 was 22.5% (95% CI: 10.8-34.1), and 12.8% (95% CI: 7.6-18.0) with p ≈ 2/3. For cognitive doping with p ≈ 1/3, the estimated prevalence was 22.5% (95% CI: 11.0-34.1), whereas it was 18.0% (95% CI: 12.5-23.5) with p ≈ 2/3. Likelihood-ratio tests revealed that prevalence estimates for both physical and cognitive doping, respectively, did not differ significantly under p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3 (physical doping: χ2 = 2.25, df = 1, p = 0.13; cognitive doping: χ2 = 0.49, df = 1, p = 0.48). Bayes factors computed with the Savage-Dickey method favored the null ("the prevalence estimates are identical under p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3") over the alternative ("the prevalence estimates differ under p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3") hypothesis for both physical doping (BF = 2.3) and cognitive doping (BF = 5.3).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The present results suggest that prevalence estimates for physical and cognitive doping assessed by the UQM are largely unaffected by the probability for receiving the sensitive question p.
- Addresses
- Research Group Physical Activity and Public Health, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Autoren
- Pavel Dietz
- Anne Quermann
- Mireille Nicoline Maria van Poppel
- Heiko Striegel
- Hannes Schröter
- Rolf Ulrich
- Perikles Simon
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0197270
- eISSN
- 1932-6203
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Identifier: 29763428
- PubMed Central ID: PMC5953456
- Open access
- true
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PloS one
- Schlüsselwörter
- Humans
- Substance-Related Disorders
- Psychotropic Drugs
- Prevalence
- Models, Statistical
- Doping in Sports
- Students
- Universities
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Middle Aged
- Female
- Male
- Young Adult
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Illicit Drugs
- Sprache
- eng
- Medium
- Electronic-eCollection
- Online publication date
- 2018
- Open access status
- Open Access
- Paginierung
- e0197270
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2018
- Status
- Published
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2018
- Titel
- Physical and cognitive doping in university students using the unrelated question model (UQM): Assessing the influence of the probability of receiving the sensitive question on prevalence estimation.
- Sub types
- research-article
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 13
Files
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0197270&type=printable https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5953456?pdf=render
Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central
- Abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVES: In order to increase the value of randomized response techniques (RRTs) as tools for studying sensitive issues, the present study investigated whether the prevalence estimate for a sensitive item [Formula: see text] assessed with the unrelated questionnaire method (UQM) is influenced by changing the probability of receiving the sensitive question p. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A short paper-and-pencil questionnaire was distributed to 1.243 university students assessing the 12-month prevalence of physical and cognitive doping using two versions of the UQM with different probabilities for receiving the sensitive question (p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3). Likelihood ratio tests were used to assess whether the prevalence estimates for physical and cognitive doping differed significantly between p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3. The order of questions (physical doping and cognitive doping) as well as the probability of receiving the sensitive question (p ≈ 1/3 or p ≈ 2/3) were counterbalanced across participants. Statistical power analyses were performed to determine sample size. RESULTS: The prevalence estimate for physical doping with p ≈ 1/3 was 22.5% (95% CI: 10.8-34.1), and 12.8% (95% CI: 7.6-18.0) with p ≈ 2/3. For cognitive doping with p ≈ 1/3, the estimated prevalence was 22.5% (95% CI: 11.0-34.1), whereas it was 18.0% (95% CI: 12.5-23.5) with p ≈ 2/3. Likelihood-ratio tests revealed that prevalence estimates for both physical and cognitive doping, respectively, did not differ significantly under p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3 (physical doping: χ2 = 2.25, df = 1, p = 0.13; cognitive doping: χ2 = 0.49, df = 1, p = 0.48). Bayes factors computed with the Savage-Dickey method favored the null ("the prevalence estimates are identical under p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3") over the alternative ("the prevalence estimates differ under p ≈ 1/3 and p ≈ 2/3") hypothesis for both physical doping (BF = 2.3) and cognitive doping (BF = 5.3). CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that prevalence estimates for physical and cognitive doping assessed by the UQM are largely unaffected by the probability for receiving the sensitive question p.
- Date of acceptance
- 2018
- Autoren
- Pavel Dietz
- Anne Quermann
- Mireille Nicoline Maria van Poppel
- Heiko Striegel
- Hannes Schröter
- Rolf Ulrich
- Perikles Simon
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29763428
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0197270
- eISSN
- 1932-6203
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Central ID: PMC5953456
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 5
- Zeitschrift
- PLoS One
- Schlüsselwörter
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Doping in Sports
- Female
- Humans
- Illicit Drugs
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Statistical
- Prevalence
- Psychotropic Drugs
- Students
- Substance-Related Disorders
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Universities
- Young Adult
- Sprache
- eng
- Country
- United States
- Paginierung
- e0197270
- PII
- PONE-D-17-04462
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2018
- Status
- Published online
- Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
- 2018
- Titel
- Physical and cognitive doping in university students using the unrelated question model (UQM): Assessing the influence of the probability of receiving the sensitive question on prevalence estimation.
- Sub types
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 13
Datenquelle: PubMed
- Beziehungen:
- Eigentum von