27Al NMR Study of the pH Dependent Hydrolysis Products of Al2(SO4)3 in Different Physiological Media
- Publikationstyp:
- Zeitschriftenaufsatz
- Metadaten:
-
- Autoren
- Svend Berger
- Juergen Nolde
- Timucin Yueksel
- Wolfgang Tremel
- Mihail Mondeshki
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000434717300100&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
- DOI
- 10.3390/molecules23040808
- eISSN
- 1420-3049
- Externe Identifier
- Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: GI7YB
- PubMed Identifier: 29614805
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 4
- Zeitschrift
- MOLECULES
- Schlüsselwörter
- aluminium sulfate
- hydrolysis
- NMR
- REACH
- Artikelnummer
- ARTN 808
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2018
- Status
- Published
- Titel
- <SUP>27</SUP>Al NMR Study of the pH Dependent Hydrolysis Products of Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> in Different Physiological Media
- Sub types
- Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 23
Datenquelle: Web of Science (Lite)
- Andere Metadatenquellen:
-
- Autoren
- Svend Berger
- Jürgen Nolde
- Timucin Yüksel
- Wolfgang Tremel
- Mihail Mondeshki
- DOI
- 10.3390/molecules23040808
- eISSN
- 1420-3049
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 4
- Zeitschrift
- Molecules
- Sprache
- en
- Online publication date
- 2018
- Paginierung
- 808 - 808
- Status
- Published online
- Herausgeber
- MDPI AG
- Herausgeber URL
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040808
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2018
- Titel
- 27Al NMR Study of the pH Dependent Hydrolysis Products of Al2(SO4)3 in Different Physiological Media
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 23
Datenquelle: Crossref
- Abstract
- Soluble inorganic aluminium compounds like aluminium sulfate or aluminium chloride have been challenged by the European Chemical Agency to induce germ cell mutagenicity. Before conducting mutagenicity tests, the hydrolysis products in water and in physiological solutions should be determined as a function of the concentration and pH. We used different <sup>27</sup>Al NMR spectroscopic techniques (heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (HOESY), exchange spectroscopy (EXSY), diffusion ordered (DOSY)) in this work to gain the information to study the aluminium species in solutions with Al₂(SO₄)₃ concentrations of 50.0, 5.0, and 0.5 g/L and their pH and time dependent transformation. At low pH, three different species were present in all physiological solutions and water: [Al(OH)<sub>n</sub>(H₂O)<sub>6 - n</sub>]<sup>(3 - n)+</sup> (<i>n</i> = 0-2), [Al(H₂O)₅SO₄]⁺, and [Al₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₈]<sup>4+</sup>. Increasing pH reduced the amounts of the two monomer species, with a complete loss at pH 5 for solutions with a concentration of 50.0 g/L and at pH 4 for solutions with a concentration of 5.0 g/L. The dimer species [Al₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₈]<sup>4+</sup> is present in a pH range between 3 and 6. Less symmetric oligomeric and probably asymmetric aluminium species are formed at pH of 5 and 6. The pH value is the driving force for the formation of aluminium species in all media, whereas the specific medium had only minor effect. No conclusive information could be obtained at pH 7 due to signal loss related to fast quadrupole relaxation of asymmetric aluminium species. A slight reduction of the content of the symmetric aluminium species due to the formation of oligomeric species was observed over a period of 6 weeks. Reference <sup>27</sup>Al NMR experiments conducted on saturated water solutions of AlCl₃ and those with a concentration of 50 g/L show that the type of salt/counter ion at the same concentration and pH influences the hydrolysis products formed.
- Addresses
- GRACE Europe Holding GmbH, In der Hollerhecke 1, 67547 Worms, Germany. svend.berger@grace.com.
- Autoren
- Svend Berger
- Jürgen Nolde
- Timucin Yüksel
- Wolfgang Tremel
- Mihail Mondeshki
- DOI
- 10.3390/molecules23040808
- eISSN
- 1420-3049
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Identifier: 29614805
- PubMed Central ID: PMC6017892
- Open access
- true
- ISSN
- 1420-3049
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 4
- Zeitschrift
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Schlüsselwörter
- Aluminum Compounds
- Aluminum
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Hydrolysis
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Sprache
- eng
- Medium
- Electronic
- Online publication date
- 2018
- Open access status
- Open Access
- Paginierung
- E808
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2018
- Status
- Published
- Publisher licence
- CC BY
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2018
- Titel
- <sup>27</sup>Al NMR Study of the pH Dependent Hydrolysis Products of Al₂(SO₄)₃ in Different Physiological Media.
- Sub types
- research-article
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 23
Files
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/4/808/pdf?version=1525346697 https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6017892?pdf=render
Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central
- Abstract
- Soluble inorganic aluminium compounds like aluminium sulfate or aluminium chloride have been challenged by the European Chemical Agency to induce germ cell mutagenicity. Before conducting mutagenicity tests, the hydrolysis products in water and in physiological solutions should be determined as a function of the concentration and pH. We used different 27Al NMR spectroscopic techniques (heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (HOESY), exchange spectroscopy (EXSY), diffusion ordered (DOSY)) in this work to gain the information to study the aluminium species in solutions with Al₂(SO₄)₃ concentrations of 50.0, 5.0, and 0.5 g/L and their pH and time dependent transformation. At low pH, three different species were present in all physiological solutions and water: [Al(OH)n(H₂O)6 - n](3 - n)+ (n = 0-2), [Al(H₂O)₅SO₄]⁺, and [Al₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₈]4+. Increasing pH reduced the amounts of the two monomer species, with a complete loss at pH 5 for solutions with a concentration of 50.0 g/L and at pH 4 for solutions with a concentration of 5.0 g/L. The dimer species [Al₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₈]4+ is present in a pH range between 3 and 6. Less symmetric oligomeric and probably asymmetric aluminium species are formed at pH of 5 and 6. The pH value is the driving force for the formation of aluminium species in all media, whereas the specific medium had only minor effect. No conclusive information could be obtained at pH 7 due to signal loss related to fast quadrupole relaxation of asymmetric aluminium species. A slight reduction of the content of the symmetric aluminium species due to the formation of oligomeric species was observed over a period of 6 weeks. Reference 27Al NMR experiments conducted on saturated water solutions of AlCl₃ and those with a concentration of 50 g/L show that the type of salt/counter ion at the same concentration and pH influences the hydrolysis products formed.
- Date of acceptance
- 2018
- Autoren
- Svend Berger
- Jürgen Nolde
- Timucin Yüksel
- Wolfgang Tremel
- Mihail Mondeshki
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29614805
- DOI
- 10.3390/molecules23040808
- eISSN
- 1420-3049
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Central ID: PMC6017892
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 4
- Zeitschrift
- Molecules
- Schlüsselwörter
- NMR
- REACH
- aluminium sulfate
- hydrolysis
- Aluminum
- Aluminum Compounds
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Hydrolysis
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Sprache
- eng
- Country
- Switzerland
- PII
- molecules23040808
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2018
- Status
- Published online
- Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde
- 2018
- Titel
- 27Al NMR Study of the pH Dependent Hydrolysis Products of Al₂(SO₄)₃ in Different Physiological Media.
- Sub types
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 23
Datenquelle: PubMed
- Beziehungen:
-