The Wavelength-Shifting Optical Module
- Publikationstyp:
- Zeitschriftenaufsatz
- Metadaten:
-
- Abstract
- <jats:p>The Wavelength-shifting Optical Module (WOM) is a novel photosensor concept for the instrumentation of large detector volumes with single-photon sensitivity. The key objective is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which is achieved by decoupling the photosensitive area of a sensor from the cathode area of its photomultiplier tube (PMT). The WOM consists of a transparent tube with two PMTs attached to its ends. The tube is coated with wavelength-shifting paint that absorbs ultraviolet photons with nearly 100% efficiency. Depending on the environment, e.g., air (ice), up to 73% (41%) of the subsequently emitted optical photons can be captured by total internal reflection and propagate towards the PMTs, where they are recorded. The optical properties of the paint, the geometry of the tube, and the coupling of the tube to the PMTs have been optimized for maximal sensitivity based on theoretical derivations and experimental evaluations. Prototypes were built to demonstrate the technique and to develop a reproducible construction process. Important measurable characteristics of the WOM are the wavelength-dependent effective area, the transit time spread of detected photons, and the signal-to-noise ratio. The WOM outperforms bare PMTs, especially with respect to the low signal-to-noise ratio with an increase of a factor up to 8.9 in air (5.2 in ice). Since the gain in sensitivity is mostly in the UV regime, the WOM is an ideal sensor for Cherenkov and scintillation detectors.</jats:p>
- Autoren
- Benjamin Bastian-Querner
- Lucas S Binn
- Sebastian Böser
- Jannes Brostean-Kaiser
- Dustin Hebecker
- Klaus Helbing
- Timo Karg
- Lutz Köpke
- Marek Kowalski
- Peter Peiffer
- Anna Pollmann
- John Rack-Helleis
- Martin Rongen
- Lea Schlickmann
- Florian Thomas
- Anna Vocke
- DOI
- 10.3390/s22041385
- eISSN
- 1424-8220
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 4
- Zeitschrift
- Sensors
- Sprache
- en
- Online publication date
- 2022
- Paginierung
- 1385 - 1385
- Status
- Published online
- Herausgeber
- MDPI AG
- Herausgeber URL
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041385
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2022
- Titel
- The Wavelength-Shifting Optical Module
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 22
Datenquelle: Crossref
- Andere Metadatenquellen:
-
- Abstract
- The Wavelength-shifting Optical Module (WOM) is a novel photosensor concept for the instrumentation of large detector volumes with single-photon sensitivity. The key objective is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which is achieved by decoupling the photosensitive area of a sensor from the cathode area of its photomultiplier tube (PMT). The WOM consists of a transparent tube with two PMTs attached to its ends. The tube is coated with wavelength-shifting paint that absorbs ultraviolet photons with nearly 100% efficiency. Depending on the environment, e.g., air (ice), up to 73% (41%) of the subsequently emitted optical photons can be captured by total internal reflection and propagate towards the PMTs, where they are recorded. The optical properties of the paint, the geometry of the tube, and the coupling of the tube to the PMTs have been optimized for maximal sensitivity based on theoretical derivations and experimental evaluations. Prototypes were built to demonstrate the technique and to develop a reproducible construction process. Important measurable characteristics of the WOM are the wavelength-dependent effective area, the transit time spread of detected photons, and the signal-to-noise ratio. The WOM outperforms bare PMTs, especially with respect to the low signal-to-noise ratio with an increase of a factor up to 8.9 in air (5.2 in ice). Since the gain in sensitivity is mostly in the UV regime, the WOM is an ideal sensor for Cherenkov and scintillation detectors.
- Addresses
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Autoren
- Benjamin Bastian-Querner
- Lucas S Binn
- Sebastian Böser
- Jannes Brostean-Kaiser
- Dustin Hebecker
- Klaus Helbing
- Timo Karg
- Lutz Köpke
- Marek Kowalski
- Peter Peiffer
- Anna Pollmann
- John Rack-Helleis
- Martin Rongen
- Lea Schlickmann
- Florian Thomas
- Anna Vocke
- DOI
- 10.3390/s22041385
- eISSN
- 1424-8220
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Identifier: 35214298
- PubMed Central ID: PMC8963010
- Open access
- true
- ISSN
- 1424-8220
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 4
- Zeitschrift
- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
- Sprache
- eng
- Medium
- Electronic
- Online publication date
- 2022
- Open access status
- Open Access
- Paginierung
- 1385
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2022
- Status
- Published
- Publisher licence
- CC BY
- Datum der Datenerfassung
- 2022
- Titel
- The Wavelength-Shifting Optical Module.
- Sub types
- research-article
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 22
Files
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1385/pdf?version=1645615013 https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8963010?pdf=render
Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central
- Abstract
- The Wavelength-shifting Optical Module (WOM) is a novel photosensor concept for the instrumentation of large detector volumes with single-photon sensitivity. The key objective is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which is achieved by decoupling the photosensitive area of a sensor from the cathode area of its photomultiplier tube (PMT). The WOM consists of a transparent tube with two PMTs attached to its ends. The tube is coated with wavelength-shifting paint that absorbs ultraviolet photons with nearly 100% efficiency. Depending on the environment, e.g., air (ice), up to 73% (41%) of the subsequently emitted optical photons can be captured by total internal reflection and propagate towards the PMTs, where they are recorded. The optical properties of the paint, the geometry of the tube, and the coupling of the tube to the PMTs have been optimized for maximal sensitivity based on theoretical derivations and experimental evaluations. Prototypes were built to demonstrate the technique and to develop a reproducible construction process. Important measurable characteristics of the WOM are the wavelength-dependent effective area, the transit time spread of detected photons, and the signal-to-noise ratio. The WOM outperforms bare PMTs, especially with respect to the low signal-to-noise ratio with an increase of a factor up to 8.9 in air (5.2 in ice). Since the gain in sensitivity is mostly in the UV regime, the WOM is an ideal sensor for Cherenkov and scintillation detectors.
- Date of acceptance
- 2022
- Autoren
- Benjamin Bastian-Querner
- Lucas S Binn
- Sebastian Böser
- Jannes Brostean-Kaiser
- Dustin Hebecker
- Klaus Helbing
- Timo Karg
- Lutz Köpke
- Marek Kowalski
- Peter Peiffer
- Anna Pollmann
- John Rack-Helleis
- Martin Rongen
- Lea Schlickmann
- Florian Thomas
- Anna Vocke
- Autoren-URL
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35214298
- DOI
- 10.3390/s22041385
- eISSN
- 1424-8220
- Externe Identifier
- PubMed Central ID: PMC8963010
- Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
- 4
- Zeitschrift
- Sensors (Basel)
- Schlüsselwörter
- UV sensitivity
- large sensitive area
- low noise
- neutrino detectors
- photomultiplier tubes
- photon detection
- wavelength-shifting
- Sprache
- eng
- Country
- Switzerland
- PII
- s22041385
- Datum der Veröffentlichung
- 2022
- Status
- Published online
- Titel
- The Wavelength-Shifting Optical Module.
- Sub types
- Journal Article
- Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
- 22
Datenquelle: PubMed
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