Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?

Publikationstyp:
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Metadaten:
Autoren
Autoren-URL
https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000617693700007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
DOI
10.3390/jintelligence8030033
eISSN
2079-3200
Externe Identifier
  • Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: QG6KV
  • PubMed Identifier: 32882904
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
3
Zeitschrift
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENCE
Schlüsselwörter
  • diffusion modeling
  • cognitive aging
  • response time
  • intelligence
Artikelnummer
ARTN 33
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2020
Status
Published
Titel
Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?
Sub types
  • Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
8

Datenquelle: Web of Science (Lite)

Andere Metadatenquellen:
Abstract
<jats:p>In comparison to young adults, middle-aged and old people show lower scores in intelligence tests and slower response times in elementary cognitive tasks. Whether these well-documented findings can both be attributed to a general cognitive slow-down across the life-span has become subject to debate in the last years. The drift diffusion model can disentangle three main process components of binary decisions, namely the speed of information processing, the conservatism of the decision criterion and the non-decision time (i.e., time needed for processes such as encoding and motor response execution). All three components provide possible explanations for the association between response times and age. We present data from a broad study using 18 different response time tasks from three different content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). Our sample included people between 18 to 62 years of age, thus allowing us to study age differences across young-adulthood and mid-adulthood. Older adults generally showed longer non-decision times and more conservative decision criteria. For speed of information processing, we found a more complex pattern that differed between tasks. We estimated mediation models to investigate whether age differences in diffusion model parameters account for the negative relation between age and intelligence, across different intelligence process domains (processing capacity, memory, psychometric speed) and different intelligence content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). In most cases, age differences in intelligence were accounted for by age differences in non-decision time. Content domain-general, but not content domain-specific aspects of non-decision time were related to age. We discuss the implications of these findings on how cognitive decline and age differences in mental speed might be related.</jats:p>
Autoren
DOI
10.3390/jintelligence8030033
eISSN
2079-3200
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
3
Zeitschrift
Journal of Intelligence
Sprache
en
Online publication date
2020
Paginierung
33 - 33
Status
Published online
Herausgeber
MDPI AG
Herausgeber URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence8030033
Datum der Datenerfassung
2020
Titel
Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
8

Datenquelle: Crossref

Abstract
In comparison to young adults, middle-aged and old people show lower scores in intelligence tests and slower response times in elementary cognitive tasks. Whether these well-documented findings can both be attributed to a general cognitive slow-down across the life-span has become subject to debate in the last years. The drift diffusion model can disentangle three main process components of binary decisions, namely the speed of information processing, the conservatism of the decision criterion and the non-decision time (i.e., time needed for processes such as encoding and motor response execution). All three components provide possible explanations for the association between response times and age. We present data from a broad study using 18 different response time tasks from three different content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). Our sample included people between 18 to 62 years of age, thus allowing us to study age differences across young-adulthood and mid-adulthood. Older adults generally showed longer non-decision times and more conservative decision criteria. For speed of information processing, we found a more complex pattern that differed between tasks. We estimated mediation models to investigate whether age differences in diffusion model parameters account for the negative relation between age and intelligence, across different intelligence process domains (processing capacity, memory, psychometric speed) and different intelligence content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). In most cases, age differences in intelligence were accounted for by age differences in non-decision time. Content domain-general, but not content domain-specific aspects of non-decision time were related to age. We discuss the implications of these findings on how cognitive decline and age differences in mental speed might be related.
Addresses
  • Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Autoren
DOI
10.3390/jintelligence8030033
eISSN
2079-3200
Externe Identifier
  • PubMed Identifier: 32882904
  • PubMed Central ID: PMC7555164
Funding acknowledgements
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: GRK 2277
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: VO1288/2-2
Open access
true
ISSN
2079-3200
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
3
Zeitschrift
Journal of Intelligence
Sprache
eng
Medium
Electronic
Online publication date
2020
Open access status
Open Access
Paginierung
E33
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2020
Status
Published
Publisher licence
CC BY
Datum der Datenerfassung
2020
Titel
Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?
Sub types
  • research-article
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
8

Files

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/8/3/33/pdf https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7555164?pdf=render

Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract
In comparison to young adults, middle-aged and old people show lower scores in intelligence tests and slower response times in elementary cognitive tasks. Whether these well-documented findings can both be attributed to a general cognitive slow-down across the life-span has become subject to debate in the last years. The drift diffusion model can disentangle three main process components of binary decisions, namely the speed of information processing, the conservatism of the decision criterion and the non-decision time (i.e., time needed for processes such as encoding and motor response execution). All three components provide possible explanations for the association between response times and age. We present data from a broad study using 18 different response time tasks from three different content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). Our sample included people between 18 to 62 years of age, thus allowing us to study age differences across young-adulthood and mid-adulthood. Older adults generally showed longer non-decision times and more conservative decision criteria. For speed of information processing, we found a more complex pattern that differed between tasks. We estimated mediation models to investigate whether age differences in diffusion model parameters account for the negative relation between age and intelligence, across different intelligence process domains (processing capacity, memory, psychometric speed) and different intelligence content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). In most cases, age differences in intelligence were accounted for by age differences in non-decision time. Content domain-general, but not content domain-specific aspects of non-decision time were related to age. We discuss the implications of these findings on how cognitive decline and age differences in mental speed might be related.
Date of acceptance
2020
Autoren
Autoren-URL
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32882904
DOI
10.3390/jintelligence8030033
eISSN
2079-3200
Externe Identifier
  • PubMed Central ID: PMC7555164
Funding acknowledgements
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: VO1288/2-2
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: GRK 2277
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
3
Zeitschrift
J Intell
Schlüsselwörter
  • cognitive aging
  • diffusion modeling
  • intelligence
  • response time
Sprache
eng
Country
Switzerland
PII
jintelligence8030033
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2020
Status
Published online
Titel
Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?
Sub types
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
8

Datenquelle: PubMed

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