Disentangling the Effects of Processing Speed on the Association between Age Differences and Fluid Intelligence

Publikationstyp:
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Metadaten:
Autoren
Autoren-URL
https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=fis-test-1&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000617693100001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL
DOI
10.3390/jintelligence8010001
eISSN
2079-3200
Externe Identifier
  • Clarivate Analytics Document Solution ID: QG6KP
  • PubMed Identifier: 31881681
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
1
Zeitschrift
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENCE
Schlüsselwörter
  • intelligence
  • aging
  • mental speed
  • reaction time
  • diffusion model
  • EEG
  • ERP
Artikelnummer
ARTN 1
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2020
Status
Published
Titel
Disentangling the Effects of Processing Speed on the Association between Age Differences and Fluid Intelligence
Sub types
  • Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
8

Datenquelle: Web of Science (Lite)

Andere Metadatenquellen:
Abstract
<jats:p>Several studies have demonstrated that individual differences in processing speed fully mediate the association between age and intelligence, whereas the association between processing speed and intelligence cannot be explained by age differences. Because measures of processing speed reflect a plethora of cognitive and motivational processes, it cannot be determined which specific processes give rise to this mediation effect. This makes it hard to decide whether these processes should be conceived of as a cause or an indicator of cognitive aging. In the present study, we addressed this question by using a neurocognitive psychometrics approach to decompose the association between age differences and fluid intelligence. Reanalyzing data from two previously published datasets containing 223 participants between 18 and 61 years, we investigated whether individual differences in diffusion model parameters and in ERP latencies associated with higher-order attentional processing explained the association between age differences and fluid intelligence. We demonstrate that individual differences in the speed of non-decisional processes such as encoding, response preparation, and response execution, and individual differences in latencies of ERP components associated with higher-order cognitive processes explained the negative association between age differences and fluid intelligence. Because both parameters jointly accounted for the association between age differences and fluid intelligence, age-related differences in both parameters may reflect age-related differences in anterior brain regions associated with response planning that are prone to be affected by age-related changes. Conversely, age differences did not account for the association between processing speed and fluid intelligence. Our results suggest that the relationship between age differences and fluid intelligence is multifactorially determined.</jats:p>
Autoren
DOI
10.3390/jintelligence8010001
eISSN
2079-3200
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
1
Zeitschrift
Journal of Intelligence
Sprache
en
Online publication date
2019
Paginierung
1 - 1
Status
Published online
Herausgeber
MDPI AG
Herausgeber URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence8010001
Datum der Datenerfassung
2019
Titel
Disentangling the Effects of Processing Speed on the Association between Age Differences and Fluid Intelligence
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
8

Datenquelle: Crossref

Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that individual differences in processing speed fully mediate the association between age and intelligence, whereas the association between processing speed and intelligence cannot be explained by age differences. Because measures of processing speed reflect a plethora of cognitive and motivational processes, it cannot be determined which specific processes give rise to this mediation effect. This makes it hard to decide whether these processes should be conceived of as a cause or an indicator of cognitive aging. In the present study, we addressed this question by using a neurocognitive psychometrics approach to decompose the association between age differences and fluid intelligence. Reanalyzing data from two previously published datasets containing 223 participants between 18 and 61 years, we investigated whether individual differences in diffusion model parameters and in ERP latencies associated with higher-order attentional processing explained the association between age differences and fluid intelligence. We demonstrate that individual differences in the speed of non-decisional processes such as encoding, response preparation, and response execution, and individual differences in latencies of ERP components associated with higher-order cognitive processes explained the negative association between age differences and fluid intelligence. Because both parameters jointly accounted for the association between age differences and fluid intelligence, age-related differences in both parameters may reflect age-related differences in anterior brain regions associated with response planning that are prone to be affected by age-related changes. Conversely, age differences did not account for the association between processing speed and fluid intelligence. Our results suggest that the relationship between age differences and fluid intelligence is multifactorially determined.
Addresses
  • Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Hauptstrasse 47-51, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Autoren
DOI
10.3390/jintelligence8010001
eISSN
2079-3200
Externe Identifier
  • PubMed Identifier: 31881681
  • PubMed Central ID: PMC7151009
Open access
true
ISSN
2079-3200
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
1
Zeitschrift
Journal of Intelligence
Sprache
eng
Medium
Electronic
Online publication date
2019
Open access status
Open Access
Paginierung
E1
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2019
Status
Published
Publisher licence
CC BY
Datum der Datenerfassung
2019
Titel
Disentangling the Effects of Processing Speed on the Association between Age Differences and Fluid Intelligence.
Sub types
  • research-article
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
8

Files

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/8/1/1/pdf?version=1577266591 https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7151009?pdf=render

Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that individual differences in processing speed fully mediate the association between age and intelligence, whereas the association between processing speed and intelligence cannot be explained by age differences. Because measures of processing speed reflect a plethora of cognitive and motivational processes, it cannot be determined which specific processes give rise to this mediation effect. This makes it hard to decide whether these processes should be conceived of as a cause or an indicator of cognitive aging. In the present study, we addressed this question by using a neurocognitive psychometrics approach to decompose the association between age differences and fluid intelligence. Reanalyzing data from two previously published datasets containing 223 participants between 18 and 61 years, we investigated whether individual differences in diffusion model parameters and in ERP latencies associated with higher-order attentional processing explained the association between age differences and fluid intelligence. We demonstrate that individual differences in the speed of non-decisional processes such as encoding, response preparation, and response execution, and individual differences in latencies of ERP components associated with higher-order cognitive processes explained the negative association between age differences and fluid intelligence. Because both parameters jointly accounted for the association between age differences and fluid intelligence, age-related differences in both parameters may reflect age-related differences in anterior brain regions associated with response planning that are prone to be affected by age-related changes. Conversely, age differences did not account for the association between processing speed and fluid intelligence. Our results suggest that the relationship between age differences and fluid intelligence is multifactorially determined.
Date of acceptance
2019
Autoren
Autoren-URL
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31881681
DOI
10.3390/jintelligence8010001
eISSN
2079-3200
Externe Identifier
  • PubMed Central ID: PMC7151009
Ausgabe der Veröffentlichung
1
Zeitschrift
J Intell
Schlüsselwörter
  • EEG
  • ERP
  • aging
  • diffusion model
  • intelligence
  • mental speed
  • reaction time
Sprache
eng
Country
Switzerland
PII
jintelligence8010001
Datum der Veröffentlichung
2019
Status
Published online
Titel
Disentangling the Effects of Processing Speed on the Association between Age Differences and Fluid Intelligence.
Sub types
  • Journal Article
Ausgabe der Zeitschrift
8

Datenquelle: PubMed

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