Boost Me: Prevalence and Reasons for the Use of Stimulant Containing Pre Workout Supplements Among Fitness Studio Visitors in Mainz (Germany)

Autoren

Matthias Dreher
Tobias Ehlert
Perikles Simon
Elmo WI Neuberger

DOI

10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01134

eISSN

1664-1078

Zeitschrift

Frontiers in Psychology

Online publication date

2018

Status

Published online

Herausgeber

Frontiers Media SA

Herausgeber URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01134

Datum der Datenerfassung

2018

Titel

Boost Me: Prevalence and Reasons for the Use of Stimulant Containing Pre Workout Supplements Among Fitness Studio Visitors in Mainz (Germany)

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

9

Datenquelle: Crossref

Abstract

The rapidly increasing interest in fitness related sports over the past few years has been accompanied by a booming industry of nutritional supplements. Many of these substances have unproven benefits and are even potentially harmful to the user. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and reasons for nutritional supplement (NS) use among fitness studio visitors in Mainz (Germany), emphasizing new multi-ingredient based supplements such as pre workout boosters (PWBs). Some of the PWBs contain stimulants such as DMAA, N,α-DEPEA, DMAE and DMBA with so far unknown risks, harms and benefits. Four-Hundred and Ninety Two participants in 13 fitness studios completed a questionnaire on the use of nutritional supplements. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to examine differences in supplement use regarding training- and intake-reasons. About 57.0% of the participants reported the use of NS during the last 4 weeks. The all-time prevalence of creatine use was 28.7%, whereas 12.2% of the participants stated creatine use during the past 4 weeks. The all-time prevalence of PWB intake was 25.8%, whereas the last month prevalence was 11.8%. Among the group of PWB users, 20.5% stated to search specifically for substances such as DMAA, N,α-DEPEA, DMAE or DMBA. Logistic regression analysis showed positive relations between creatine use and the predictor variables gender, strength training and bodybuilding, as well as the stated exercisers' training reasons to increase physical- and sports-performance, and quality of life. PWB consumption was related to the variables gender, training frequency, and the reason for sports performance enhancement. Specific ingredient focus was related to the predictor variables competition participation and increase of mental performance. The results of the study show a high prevalence of PWB consumption among fitness studios visitors, which is comparable with creatine use. The predicting variables for consumption seem to be slightly different between the supplements, especially if the users are searching for stimulating agents. The current findings help to create preliminary consumption patterns and can help to identify potential endangered fitness studio visitors for prevention and risk communication, especially for PWBs.

Addresses

Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Autoren

Matthias Dreher
Tobias Ehlert
Perikles Simon
Elmo WI Neuberger

DOI

10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01134

eISSN

1664-1078

Externe Identifier

PubMed Identifier: 30065677
PubMed Central ID: PMC6056667

Open access

true

ISSN

1664-1078

Zeitschrift

Frontiers in psychology

Sprache

eng

Medium

Electronic-eCollection

Online publication date

2018

Open access status

Open Access

Paginierung

1134

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2018

Status

Published

Publisher licence

CC BY

Datum der Datenerfassung

2018

Titel

Boost Me: Prevalence and Reasons for the Use of Stimulant Containing Pre Workout Supplements Among Fitness Studio Visitors in Mainz (Germany).

Sub types

research-article
Journal Article

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

9

Files

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01134/pdf https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6056667?pdf=render

Datenquelle: Europe PubMed Central

Abstract

The rapidly increasing interest in fitness related sports over the past few years has been accompanied by a booming industry of nutritional supplements. Many of these substances have unproven benefits and are even potentially harmful to the user. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and reasons for nutritional supplement (NS) use among fitness studio visitors in Mainz (Germany), emphasizing new multi-ingredient based supplements such as pre workout boosters (PWBs). Some of the PWBs contain stimulants such as DMAA, N,α-DEPEA, DMAE and DMBA with so far unknown risks, harms and benefits. Four-Hundred and Ninety Two participants in 13 fitness studios completed a questionnaire on the use of nutritional supplements. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to examine differences in supplement use regarding training- and intake-reasons. About 57.0% of the participants reported the use of NS during the last 4 weeks. The all-time prevalence of creatine use was 28.7%, whereas 12.2% of the participants stated creatine use during the past 4 weeks. The all-time prevalence of PWB intake was 25.8%, whereas the last month prevalence was 11.8%. Among the group of PWB users, 20.5% stated to search specifically for substances such as DMAA, N,α-DEPEA, DMAE or DMBA. Logistic regression analysis showed positive relations between creatine use and the predictor variables gender, strength training and bodybuilding, as well as the stated exercisers' training reasons to increase physical- and sports-performance, and quality of life. PWB consumption was related to the variables gender, training frequency, and the reason for sports performance enhancement. Specific ingredient focus was related to the predictor variables competition participation and increase of mental performance. The results of the study show a high prevalence of PWB consumption among fitness studios visitors, which is comparable with creatine use. The predicting variables for consumption seem to be slightly different between the supplements, especially if the users are searching for stimulating agents. The current findings help to create preliminary consumption patterns and can help to identify potential endangered fitness studio visitors for prevention and risk communication, especially for PWBs.

Date of acceptance

2018

Autoren

Matthias Dreher
Tobias Ehlert
Perikles Simon
Elmo WI Neuberger

Autoren-URL

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30065677

DOI

10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01134

Externe Identifier

PubMed Central ID: PMC6056667

ISSN

1664-1078

Zeitschrift

Front Psychol

Schlüsselwörter

fitness studios
nutritional supplements
pre workout booster
prevalence
stimulants

Sprache

eng

Country

Switzerland

Paginierung

1134

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2018

Status

Published online

Titel

Boost Me: Prevalence and Reasons for the Use of Stimulant Containing Pre Workout Supplements Among Fitness Studio Visitors in Mainz (Germany).

Sub types

Journal Article

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

9

Datenquelle: PubMed

Author's licence

CC-BY

Autoren

Matthias Dreher
Tobias Ehlert
Perikles Simon
Elmo Neuberger

Hosting institution

Universitätsbibliothek Mainz

Sammlungen

JGU-Publikationen

Resource version

Published version

DOI

10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01134

Funding acknowledgements

DFG, Open Access-Publizieren Universität Mainz / Universitätsmedizin

File(s) embargoed

false

Open access

true

ISSN

1664-1078

Zeitschrift

Frontiers in psychology

Schlüsselwörter

796 Sport
796 Athletic and outdoor sports and games

Sprache

eng

Open access status

Open Access

Paginierung

Art. 1134

Datum der Veröffentlichung

2018

Public URL

https://openscience.ub.uni-mainz.de/handle/20.500.12030/808

Herausgeber

Frontiers Research Foundation

Herausgeber URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01134

Datum der Datenerfassung

2018

Datum, an dem der Datensatz öffentlich gemacht wurde

2018

Zugang

Public

Titel

Boost me: prevalence and reasons for the use of stimulant containing pre workout supplements among fitness studio visitors in Mainz (Germany)

Ausgabe der Zeitschrift

9

Files

58433.pdf

Datenquelle: OPENSCIENCE.UB

Boost Me: Prevalence and Reasons for the Use of Stimulant Containing Pre Workout Supplements Among Fitness Studio Visitors in Mainz (Germany)

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